Paper 2 geog

• What is the main focus of the paper two video?

  Human geography topics overview
• What are the three main topics covered in paper two?

  Urban issues, changing economic world, resource management
• How many marks is the urban issues section worth?

  Approximately 33 marks
• What is urbanization?

  More people moving into towns and cities
• What percentage of the world's population lived in urban areas by 2007?

  More than 50 percent
• What are the two main causes of urbanization?

  Rural to urban migration and natural increase
• What are push factors in migration?

  Reasons that make you leave a place
• What are pull factors in migration?

  Reasons that draw you into a place
• What does natural increase refer to?

  Birth rate exceeds death rate
• What is a mega city?

  An urban area with over 10 million people
• Where are most current mega-cities located?

  In NES and LICs
• What is an integrated transport system?

  Linking different types of public and private transport
• What are brownfield sites?

  Previously developed areas of land
• What is greenbelt land?

  Green land surrounding a town or city
• What does regeneration mean?

  Investing in reviving an area
• What does sustainability mean in urban living?

  Ability to maintain practices over time
• What is one way to achieve sustainable urban living?

  Water conservation through rainwater collection
• What is tempo housing?

  Homes made from recycled shipping containers
• What are the benefits of tempo housing?

  Cheaper, quick to build, provides jobs
• What are some downsides of tempo housing?

  Expensive and potential loss of community
• What are the three types of problems caused by traffic in urban areas?

  Environmental, economic, and social problems
• What is the congestion charge?

  A fee to reduce traffic congestion
• What is Curitiba known for in urban planning?

  Using articulated buses for transport
• What is the green exchange program in Curitiba?

  Swapping waste for food to reduce waste
• Why is London significant in the UK?

  It is the wealthiest capital city
• What is gentrification?

  Improvement of an area leading to rising costs
• What is Crossrail in London?

  A project improving transport access
• What is a major criticism of the London Docklands regeneration?

  It outpriced local residents
• What is the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC)?

  Established to improve rundown docks
• What is Lagos known for in terms of urbanization?

  It is Nigeria's largest city with rapid growth
• What percentage of Lagos's population lives in informal housing?

  About 60 percent
• What are some challenges faced by residents of Lagos?

  Pollution, lack of education, and poverty
• What does HDI stand for?

  Human Development Index
• What does the demographic transition model illustrate?

  Country's development across five stages
• What are the three branches of development?

  Economic, social, and environmental
• What are economic indicators?

  Measures focused on money and resources
• What are social indicators?

  Measures focused on health and education
• What is uneven development?

  Development that is not the same everywhere
• What factors can affect uneven development?

  Physical and human factors
• What is the significance of a country's access to natural resources?

  It can limit or enhance development