food & waterborne diseases

• What does the gut contain a huge variety of?

  Microbial species
• What are the two main routes of disease spread associated with microbes in food and water?

  • Pathogens growing in the body
  • Ingestion of toxins
• What are intrinsic natural toxins in food and water?

  Algal toxins and mycotoxins
• What factors affect the growth of microbes in food?

  Nutrients and antimicrobial barriers
• What nutrients are suitable for pathogenic microbes?

  Eggs, malt extract, meat digests
• What antimicrobial production is associated with garlic?

  Allicin produced in response to damage
• What type of culture conditions do Campylobacter jejuni prefer?

  Microaerophilic culture conditions
• What is the common source of Salmonella enterica infection?

  Poultry products
• What is the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica?

  Fimbriae adhere and invade epithelial cells
• What are common sources of Listeria monocytogenes infection?

  Soft cheese and unwashed vegetables
• What is the common source of Staphylococcus aureus infection?

  Freshly-prepared food
• How do agents of waterborne disease enter the body?

  Via inhalation, skin breaks, or ingestion