Vaccination

• What is passive immunity?

  Introduction of antibodies without active production
• How does passive immunity provide immediate protection?

  No direct contact with the pathogen is necessary
• What is a key characteristic of passive immunity?

  It is not lasting
• What is active immunity?

  Produced by stimulating the individual's immune system
• What is necessary for active immunity to occur?

  Direct contact with the pathogen
• What are the two types of active immunity?

  Natural and artificial immunity
• What is natural active immunity?

  Results from direct infection under normal circumstances
• What is artificial active immunity?

  Induced immune response by vaccination
• What is the purpose of vaccination?

  To stimulate an immune response by introducing antigens
• Why is the immune response to vaccination slight?

  Only a small quantity of antigen is introduced
• What do memory cells do after vaccination?

  They enable rapid production of antibodies during future infections
• What are the differences between passive and active immunity?

  • Passive immunity:
  • Introduction of antibodies
  • No direct pathogen contact
  • Not lasting
  • Active immunity:
  • Antibodies produced by the immune system
  • Requires direct pathogen contact
  • Lasting immunity
• What are the steps involved in vaccination and its effects?

  1. Introduction of antigens to the body
  2. Stimulation of an immune response
  3. Slight response due to small antigen quantity
  4. Production of memory cells
  5. Rapid antibody production during future infections