GI tract pediatrics

• What is Crohn's Disease (CD)?

  A chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract
• What characterizes Crohn's Disease?

  Transmural inflammation and granulomas
• What are the main types of Crohn's Disease?

  Terminal ileum, ileocolonic, entire GI tract
• What is the usual age of diagnosis for Crohn's Disease?

  14-25 and 55-65 years
• What causes segmental damage in Crohn's Disease?

  Transmural inflammation and granuloma formation
• What genetic mutations are associated with Crohn's Disease?

  NOD2/CARD15 mutations
• What are the digestive manifestations of Crohn's Disease?

  • Chronic diarrhea (often without blood)
  • Abdominal pain
  • Malabsorption
  • Perianal lesions (fistulas, abscesses)
  • Malnutrition and weight loss
• What are the extradigestive manifestations of Crohn's Disease?

  • Fever
  • Asthenia
  • Arthritis
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Uveitis
• What are the imagistic findings in Crohn's Disease?

  Aphthoid lesions, deep ulcerations, cobblestoning
• What biological data is relevant for Crohn's Disease?

  ESR, CRP, fecal calprotectin
• What antibodies are positive in Crohn's Disease?

  Positive ASCA
• How does Crohn's Disease differ from Ulcerative Colitis in terms of diagnosis?

  Distinct endoscopic and histological features
• What are the local complications of Crohn's Disease?

  • Fistulas
  • Abscesses
  • Strictures
  • Perianal disease
  • Intestinal occlusions
• What are the systemic complications of Crohn's Disease?

  • Malabsorption
  • Anemia
  • Delayed growth in children
  • Opportunistic infections
• What does endoscopy reveal in Crohn's Disease?

  Segmental lesions with deep ulcerations
• What are the treatment options for Crohn's Disease?

  1. Nutritional: Correct deficiencies, enteral nutrition
  2. Pharmacological: Budesonide, systemic steroids, biologics
  3. Maintenance: Mesalazine, Azathioprine, Methotrexate
  4. Surgical: For complications like strictures
• What is the prognosis for Crohn's Disease?

  Chronic disease with severe complications
• What does histopathology show in Crohn's Disease?

  Granulomas and transmural inflammation
• What are the main types of Ulcerative Colitis?

  Severity and location classifications
• What is the usual age of diagnosis for Ulcerative Colitis?

  14-25 and 55-65 years
• What is Ulcerative Colitis (UC)?

  A chronic inflammatory disease of the rectum and left colon
• What characterizes Ulcerative Colitis?

  Recurrent diarrhea with blood, mucus, and pus
• What causes the inflammatory response in Ulcerative Colitis?

  Disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier
• What are the digestive manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • Diarrhea (3-10 stools/day)
  • Abdominal pain
  • Tenesmus
  • Cramps and tenderness
• What are the extradigestive manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Anemia
  • Arthritis
  • Skin and eye conditions
• What are the clinical forms of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • Mild: <4 stools/day, mild anemia
  • Moderate: 5-8 stools/day, low-grade fever
  • Severe: >8 stools/day, fever >38°C
• What are the imagistic findings in Ulcerative Colitis?

  Continuous mucosal lesions starting from the rectum
• What biological data is relevant for Ulcerative Colitis?

  Elevated ESR, CRP, leukocytosis
• What antibodies are positive in Ulcerative Colitis?

  Positive ANCA
• What are the differential diagnoses for Ulcerative Colitis?

  Crohn's disease, intestinal infections, celiac disease
• What are the local complications of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • Toxic megacolon
  • Massive bleeding
  • Colorectal cancer after 8-10 years
• What is the prognosis for Ulcerative Colitis?

  Chronic disease with remission and relapse cycles
• What does histopathology show in Ulcerative Colitis?

  Crypt abscesses, mucosal inflammation, edema
• What are the systemic complications of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • Arthritis
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Sclerosing cholangitis
  • Skin and eye conditions
• What are the treatment options for Ulcerative Colitis?

  1. General Measures: Avoid dairy and raw fruits
  2. Pharmacological: Mesalazine, steroids
  3. Maintenance: Mesalazine, Azathioprine, biologics
  4. Surgical: Toxic megacolon, neoplasia
• What does endoscopy reveal in Ulcerative Colitis?

  Friable mucosa, pseudopolyps, loss of vascular patterns