Humanistic approach

• What is a key assumption of the humanistic approach?

  Each individual is unique
• What does the humanistic approach assume about free will?

  Humans have free will
• Why should science not be used to explain behavior according to the humanistic approach?

  It reduces humans to mere data points
• How does the humanistic approach view individuals?

  Holistically, not reduced to their parts
• What does free will imply about human behavior?

  Humans can control their behavior
• How does the humanistic approach differ from behaviorist and biological approaches?

  It emphasizes individual choice over conditioning
• What is the role of the individual in the humanistic approach?

  They actively shape their own destiny
• What are some theories incorporated in the humanistic approach?

  Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• Who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology?

  Abraham Maslow
• What does self-actualisation refer to?

  Achieving one's full potential
• What is phenomenology in the context of humanistic psychology?

  Focus on individual dreams and goals
• How is Maslow's hierarchy of needs structured?

  As a pyramid with levels of needs
• What is at Level 1 of Maslow's hierarchy?

  Physiological needs
• What do physiological needs include?

  Clean water, food, shelter, sleep
• What is at Level 2 of Maslow's hierarchy?

  Safety needs
• What do safety needs encompass?

  Security and freedom from persecution
• What is at Level 3 of Maslow's hierarchy?

  love and belonging
• Why are social needs important?

  They provide a sense of belonging
• What do esteem needs include?

  Positive self-image and achievement
• What is at Level 4 of Maslow's hierarchy?

  Esteem needs
• What is at Level 5 of Maslow's hierarchy?

  Self-actualisation
• What is required to reach self-actualisation?

  All previous levels must be scaled
• What factors can prevent self-actualisation?

  Life events, personality, socioeconomic status
• What are the strengths of the humanistic approach?

  • Holistic view of the individual
  • Acknowledges subjective reality
  • High ecological validity
  • Applicable in business and education
• What are the limitations of the humanistic approach?

  • Lack of scientific rigor
  • Difficult to operationalize concepts
  • Limited relevance in collectivist cultures
• What is the key assumption of humanistic psychology regarding the self?

  Importance of the self
• What does self-image refer to?

  The internalized picture of oneself
• How does a secure self-image affect a person?

  Increases resilience and potential for improvement
• What is the ideal self?

  The perfect version according to personal aspirations
• What does congruence describe?

  Overlap of self-image and ideal self
• What is the role of unconditional positive regard in therapy?

  Acceptance of all traits and flaws of the client
• What happens if there is a wide gap between real and ideal self?

  Incongruence and negative self-worth feelings
• What are conditions of worth?

  Conditions set by others for love and acceptance
• How do conditions of worth affect individuals?

  They lead to psychological issues in adulthood
• How did Rogers' approach differ from Freud's?

  Focus on positive aspects of the person
• What is the goal of client-centred therapy?

  Reduce the gap between real and ideal self
• What are the strengths of Rogers' client-centred approach?

  • Emphasizes positive aspects of clients
  • Reduces blame and guilt
  • High client retention rates
  • Influential in self-help literature
• What are the limitations of Rogers' client-centred approach?

  • Vague and imprecise structure
  • Relies on therapist's skill
  • May not address negative issues