Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  It rises and is sensed by the pancreas
• What storage molecule is glucose converted into?

  Glycogen
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  Maintaining a constant glucose level
• What condition occurs when blood glucose control is ineffective?

  Diabetes
• What is the main issue in type 1 diabetes?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ in a person with type 1 diabetes compared to a healthy person?

  It remains high after carbohydrate intake
• How do people with type 1 diabetes manage their condition?

  They monitor glucose and inject insulin
• What is the main issue in type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is type 2 diabetes typically treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What lifestyle change is advised for people with type 2 diabetes?

  Regular exercise
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on glycogen?

  It converts glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon interact in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1: Insufficient insulin production
  • Type 2: Body cells resist insulin
  • Type 1 requires insulin injections
  • Type 2 managed with diet and exercise
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation involving insulin and glucagon?

  1. Blood glucose rises after meals
  2. Pancreas releases insulin
  3. Cells take up glucose; glycogen stored
  4. Blood glucose returns to normal
  5. Blood glucose falls between meals
  6. Pancreas releases glucagon
  7. Glycogen converted back to glucose
  8. Blood glucose rises to normal