The heart and circulation

• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four, and the atria are separated from the ventricles by valves

  
• What is the role of the circulatory system?

  To transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues
• What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

  Blood, blood vessels, and the heart
• What is the function of blood in the circulatory system?

  To carry oxygen and nutrients
• How does the heart contribute to the circulatory system?

  It pumps blood to keep it moving through the vessels
• What is the structure of the circulatory system?

  • Composed of blood, blood vessels, and the heart
  • Functions to transport oxygen and nutrients
  • Operates as a double circulatory system
• What does the term "double circulatory system" refer to?

  A system with two distinct loops for blood circulation
• What are the two loops in the double circulatory system?

  One carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the other carries oxygenated blood to the body
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four chambers
• What are the names of the top and bottom chambers of the heart?

  The top chambers are called atria, and the bottom chambers are called ventricles
• What is the function of the valves in the heart?

  To prevent blood from flowing backwards
• What is the path of blood flow through the heart?

  Blood flows into the heart via the vena cava and pulmonary vein, into the atria, then into the ventricles, and out through the pulmonary artery and aorta
• What is the role of the pacemaker cells in the heart?

  To produce electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract
• What happens if the pacemaker cells do not function properly?

  Doctors can implant an artificial pacemaker to regulate heart contractions
• What is the definition of an artery?

  A vessel that carries blood away from the heart
• What is the definition of a vein?

  A vessel that carries blood to the heart
• Why can the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein be exceptions to the typical definitions of arteries and veins?

  Because the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
• What are coronary arteries?

  Small arteries that branch off the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
• Why do coronary arteries encircle the heart?

  To ensure that the heart muscle receives all the oxygen and nutrients it needs
• What are the key points about the heart's function and structure?

  • Composed of four chambers: atria and ventricles
  • Contains valves to prevent backflow of blood
  • Functions as a pacemaker to regulate heartbeats
  • Receives its own blood supply from coronary arteries
• What does the vena cava do?

  What then happens?

  Brings in deoxygenated blood from the body.

  The blood then passes from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary artery.
• What happens in the lungs?

  What then happens?

  In the lungs, the blood collects oxygen.

  Oxygenated blood passes from the lungs to the heart in the pulmonary vein.

  Oxygenated blood is then pumped from the heart to the body in the aorta.
• The patterns of blood flow through the heart.

  1 First blood enters the left atrium and the right atrium.

  2 The atria now contract, and blood is forced into the ventricles

  3 The ventricles now contract and force blood out of the heart.
• What do the valves do?

  Stop the blood from flowing backwards into the atria when the ventricles contract.
• Why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscular wall than the right side?

  This is because the left ventricle pumps blood around the entire body, so it needs to provide a greater force. (the right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs).
• Coronary arteries


  . Branch out of the aorta, and spread out into the heart muscle.

  . Their purpose- to provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart.- the oxygen is used in respiration to provide the energy for contraction.
• Pacemaker


  . The natural, resting heart rate is controlled by the pacemaker.
• What is the solution when a pacemaker stops working?

  Doctors can implant an artificial pacemaker (a small electrical device that corrects the irregularities in the heart rate)
• What is the main function of the Aorta?

  It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
• What does SVC stand for in the context of the circulatory system?

  Superior Vena Cava
• What is the role of the Pulmonary Artery (Right)?

  It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
• What is the function of the Pulmonary Veins (Right)?

  They carry oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium.
• What is the purpose of the Pulmonary Valve?

  It prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle.
• What is the role of the Right Atrium?

  It receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the SVC and IVC.
• What is the function of the Tricuspid Valve?

  It controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
• What does the Pulmonary Artery (Left) do?

  It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung.
• Heart structure