Détente successes

• What is one of the successes of Detente mentioned in the study material?

  Sino-US relations
• What did the USSR ask the US after the Zhenbao Island incident?

  What the US would do in a full-blown USSR/China war
• What was Nixon's response regarding China in the event of a conflict with the USSR?

  Nixon said he would not let China be smashed
• When did Nixon visit China to begin diplomatic relations?

  In 1972
• What was the status of the USSR's allies in the world?

  The USSR had no real allies
• What event frightened the world and influenced arms reduction discussions?

  The Cuban missile crisis
• What did the 1960 Test Ban Treaty prohibit?

  Nuclear tests anywhere on the world's surface
• How many nuclear tests did the US conduct between 1953 and 1972?

  413 nuclear tests
• What was the change in the number of Soviet nuclear tests from 1956-1962 to 1963-1972?

  The number fell from 2189 to 167
• Where did the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) begin?

  In Vienna
• What did the SALT agreement signed in May 1972 entail?

  A five-year freeze on the construction of missile launchers
• When did discussions about SALT II begin?

  In July 1974
• What did SALT II further limit?

  The number of missile launchers
• Why was SALT not ratified by the US Congress?

  Due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979
• What was the Helsinki Accords and when was it signed?

  An agreement signed in August 1975 by the USA, USSR, Canada, and 33 European countries
• What was agreed upon regarding post-war borders of Europe in the Helsinki Accords?

  They were agreed to be West and East Germany
• What was the vague agreement about future borders in the Helsinki Accords?

  That borders could change peacefully
• What was the Apollo-Soyuz test project?

  A joint mission between the USA and the USSR in 1975
• What significant event occurred during the Apollo-Soyuz test project?

  Two space crews met in space and shook hands
• What was the Berlin Ultimatum of 1958 about?

  The USA was willing to make concessions over West Berlin
• What was the French-Algerian war about?

  Algeria was legally part of France and had around 1 million ethnic French living there
• What was the outcome of the brutal war of independence in Algeria?

  Nearly 500,000 dead including 20,000 French soldiers
• What did De Gaulle do regarding the French-Algerian war?

  He pulled out despite being seen as a hard-liner
• What did De Gaulle do in 1963 regarding Britain's application to the EEC?

  He rejected Britain's application
• What was De Gaulle's attempt in 1965 regarding the US dollar?

  He attempted to stop the US dollar from being used as the world’s revenue currency
• What significant action did France take in 1966 regarding NATO?

  France left NATO
• What did De Gaulle announce after leaving NATO?

  That Europeans should liberate themselves from a bloc-mentality
• What did the Hamel report in 1967 propose regarding NATO?

  That NATO should pursue a policy of Detente with the Warsaw Pact countries
• What significant event occurred in 1966 involving West Germany?

  A trade mission was sent to Yugoslavia and Romania
• What was agreed upon in the Moscow Treaty of 1970 between the FRG and the USSR?

  They agreed not to want any of each other's territory
• What did the Warsaw Treaty of 1970 entail regarding borders?

  The FRG accepted the Polish-East German border