Genetic Engineering

• What is genetic engineering?

  Modification of an organism's genome
• How is genetic engineering used in medicine?

  To produce human insulin using bacteria
• How is genetic engineering used in agriculture?

  To create genetically modified (GM) crops
• What is a good example of genetic engineering in medicine?

  Production of human insulin
• Why do people with type 1 diabetes need insulin?

  They cannot produce their own insulin
• What do genetically modified (GM) crops generally produce?

  A greater yield than normal crops
• What is one benefit of GM crops being resistant to herbicides?

  Farmers can kill weeds without harming crops
• What concerns do people have about GM crops?

  Potential harm to insects or wildflowers
• What is gene therapy?

  Using genetic modification to treat disorders
• What is the first step in genetic engineering?

  Identify the gene to transfer
• What are plasmids used for in genetic engineering?

  To transfer DNA between organisms
• What is a vector in genetic engineering?

  A method to transfer DNA between organisms
• When is the desired gene transferred into the target organism?

  At an early stage of development
• Why is it important to transfer the gene early in development?

  To ensure all cells receive the gene
• What are the main steps in genetic engineering?

  1. Identify the gene to transfer
  2. Use enzymes to isolate the gene
  3. Transfer the gene into a plasmid or virus
  4. Transfer the gene into target organism's cells
  5. Ensure transfer occurs early in development
• What is the role of insulin in humans?

  Regulates blood glucose levels
• What is a potential risk of genetic modification in humans?

  Unknown effects on other genes
• What is the purpose of genetically modified crops?

  To improve yield and resistance
• What is the significance of the human insulin gene in genetic engineering?

  It helps treat type 1 diabetes
• How does genetic engineering differ from traditional breeding methods?

  It directly modifies specific genes