Gorbachev’s reforms:

• Who was the last leader of the USSR?

  Mikhail Gorbachev
• When did Gorbachev become the leader of the USSR?

  1985
• When did the USSR collapse?

  1991
• How did Gorbachev's outlook on communism compare to Dubcek's?

  They had similar views on communism.
• What was the first reform introduced by Gorbachev?

  The anti-alcohol campaign.
• What restriction was placed on alcohol sales during Gorbachev's anti-alcohol campaign?

  It became illegal to buy alcohol after midnight.
• What was the financial impact of the anti-alcohol campaign on the USSR?

  The USSR lost 20 billion Rubles a year in income.
• What was the aim of Perestroika?

  To restructure the Soviet economy for better functioning.
• What was the government's role in industries during Perestroika?

  The government remained in charge of all major industries.
• What element of competition was introduced during Perestroika?

  Competition between different Soviet ministries and SSRs.
• Who was Abrahamic and what was his worth during Perestroika?

  Abrahamic was worth $11.5 billion and sold rubber ducks.
• What business did German Khan start and what is his worth?

  He started a business selling t-shirts and is worth $9.5 billion.
• What was a consequence of Perestroika regarding nationalism?

  It led to a rise in nationalism among different SSRs.
• What challenges did the Soviet government face in running a capitalist economy?

  No one in the government knew how to run a capitalist economy.
• What was the third reform introduced by Gorbachev?

  Glasnost (openness).
• What did Gorbachev want to achieve with Glasnost?

  He wanted the government to be more accountable and open to criticism.
• What change occurred regarding censorship as a result of Glasnost?

  Censorship was eased and foreign news was allowed in the USSR.
• How did Glasnost change the portrayal of the Soviet involvement in Afghanistan?

  Civilians saw the reality of the fighting instead of the previous positive portrayal.
• What was the perception of the USSR before and after Glasnost?

  Before, it was seen as perfect; after, citizens saw its failings like the Chernobyl disaster.