DNA

• What is DNA considered in biological terms?

  Genetic material
• Where is DNA found in cells?

  In the chromosomes in the nucleus
• What is the basic structure of DNA?

  DNA is a polymer made of nucleotides
• What are the components that make up DNA?

  Nucleotides
• How can DNA be extracted from fruit?

  1. Grind the fruit with sand using a pestle and mortar
  2. Add a detergent to break open the membranes
  3. Add ice-cold alcohol to precipitate the DNA
• What is the purpose of grinding fruit in DNA extraction?

  To separate the cells
• Why is detergent used in the DNA extraction process?

  To break open the cell membranes
• What happens when ice-cold alcohol is added during DNA extraction?

  DNA precipitates out of the solution
• What is the sequence of bases on one strand of DNA compared to the other strand?

  Complementary to the other strand
• What does the sequence of bases in DNA determine?

  The genetic information of an organism
• What are the letters used to represent the bases in DNA?

  A, T, C, G
• What is the significance of the sequence of bases in DNA?

  It encodes the instructions for building proteins
• Describe the structure of DNA.

  • DNA is a double helix
  • Composed of two strands
  • Each strand is made of nucleotides
  • Nucleotides consist of a sugar, phosphate, and base