Genetic Terms

• What is formed when gametes fuse at fertilisation?

  A diploid zygote
• What do zygotes inherit from their parents?

  Different alleles of their genes
• How does the inheritance of alleles contribute to variation?

  It produces variation in inherited characteristics
• What is the dominant allele for coat colour in rabbits?

  B (brown colour)
• What is the phenotype for the genotype BB in rabbits?

  Brown coat
• What is the phenotype for the genotype bb in rabbits?

  Black coat
• What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

  • Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a trait
  • Allele: A variant form of a gene
• What is the recessive allele for flower colour in a pea plant?

  White flower colour
• What is the dominant allele for flower colour in a pea plant?

  Purple flower colour
• If a pea plant has a recessive allele and a dominant allele for flower colour, what is its genotype?

  Heterozygous
• Why is the pea plant considered heterozygous for flower colour?

  It has one dominant and one recessive allele
• What is the phenotype of a heterozygous pea plant for flower colour?

  Purple flower colour
• How do you determine the phenotype of a plant based on its genotype?

  By identifying the dominant allele present
• What is the definition of a chromosome?

  A structure containing DNA and genes
• What is the definition of a gene?

  A segment of DNA coding for traits
• What is the definition of an allele?

  A variant form of a gene