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Cards (75)
What is the title of the course related to Structure and Bonding?
Structure and Bonding I
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Who is the author of the study material?
Dr Anthony Curtis
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What are the main topics covered in Structure and Bonding?
Introduction to the
Periodic Table
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Electronic structure
of atoms
Basic
atomic and molecular structure
Atomic and molecular orbitals
Covalent bonding
and
hybridisation
Molecular structures
and conformations
Drawing structures in organic chemistry
Importance of knowing
electron locations
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What are the two types of blocks in the periodic table mentioned?
S Block
and
P Block
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What does 'Pharmaceutical Chemistry' primarily focus on?
Chemistry of
drug molecules
and formulations
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What characterizes organic compounds?
Compounds of
carbon
with
covalent bonds
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Which elements must also be considered in pharmaceutical chemistry?
N
,
O
,
S
, and
halogens
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What is the implication of discovering more organic compounds?
No increase in
New Chemical Entities (NCEs)
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What are the essential physicochemical properties of drugs?
Molecular structure
: bonding, shape, isomers
Molecular properties:
LogP
, pKa,
chirality
Classification: according to functional groups
Reactivity: bond polarity, reaction mechanism
Spectroscopy: determining molecular structure
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Why must physicochemical properties be considered in drug design?
They influence
synthesis
and formulation
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Who discovered the electron and in what year?
Thomson
in
1897
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What equation did Planck introduce in 1900?
E =
hv
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Who discovered the nucleus and in what year?
Rutherford
in
1909
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What did Millikan measure in 1910?
The charge on an
electron
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What model of the atom did Bohr describe in 1913?
A
quantum
model of the atom
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What concept did de Broglie describe in 1924?
Wave-particle
duality
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What is Schrödinger’s equation used for?
Understanding
electron positions
in atoms
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What do the three quantum numbers describe in atomic orbitals?
The
properties
of each orbital
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What does the principal quantum number (n) represent?
Energy level of the
electron
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What does the angular momentum quantum number (l) indicate?
Shape
of the
orbital
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What does the magnetic quantum number (ml) specify?
Direction of the
orbital
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How are the energy and shape of an orbital determined?
By a combination of
quantum numbers
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What does it mean for orbitals to be degenerate?
They are equal in
energy
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What is the 2s orbital associated with?
n = 2
,
l = 0
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What is the 2p orbital associated with?
n = 2
,
l = 1
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What are the shapes of atomic orbitals?
1s
: spherical shape
2s
: spherical shape
2p
: dumbbell shape
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What affects the energy of atomic orbitals in many-electron atoms?
Effective
nuclear charge
experienced by electrons
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Why do outer electrons experience lower effective nuclear charge?
Due to shielding by
inner electrons
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How do s and p atomic orbitals differ in many-electron atoms?
They are not equal in
energy
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What are the rules for electronic configurations?
Aufbau principle
:
electrons
fill lowest energy orbitals first
Pauli exclusion principle
: no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers
Hund’s rule
: maximize unpaired electrons in degenerate
orbitals
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What are valence electrons?
Outermost electrons
enclosing a
closed shell
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What is the significance of covalent bonds in carbon?
They form
filled orbitals
with
opposing spin
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How many covalent bonds can carbon form in the ground state?
Four
covalent bonds
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Does the formation of four covalent bonds lead to stable molecules?
Yes
, it leads to
stable
molecules
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What is the email address for further information?
a.d.m.curtis
@
keele.ac.uk
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What is the title of the study material?
Structure and Bonding II
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Who is the author of the study material?
Dr Anthony Curtis
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What is the principal quantum number for the 2s orbital?
n = 2
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What is the azimuthal quantum number for the 2p orbital?
l =
1
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What does the quantum number ml represent for l = 1?
ml
=
1
,
0
, or
-1
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See all 75 cards
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