FChem

    Cards (75)

    • What is the title of the course related to Structure and Bonding?
      Structure and Bonding I
    • Who is the author of the study material?
      Dr Anthony Curtis
    • What are the main topics covered in Structure and Bonding?
      • Introduction to the Periodic Table
      • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
      • Electronic structure of atoms
      • Basic atomic and molecular structure
      • Atomic and molecular orbitals
      • Covalent bonding and hybridisation
      • Molecular structures and conformations
      • Drawing structures in organic chemistry
      • Importance of knowing electron locations
    • What are the two types of blocks in the periodic table mentioned?
      S Block and P Block
    • What does 'Pharmaceutical Chemistry' primarily focus on?
      Chemistry of drug molecules and formulations
    • What characterizes organic compounds?
      Compounds of carbon with covalent bonds
    • Which elements must also be considered in pharmaceutical chemistry?
      N, O, S, and halogens
    • What is the implication of discovering more organic compounds?
      No increase in New Chemical Entities (NCEs)
    • What are the essential physicochemical properties of drugs?
      • Molecular structure: bonding, shape, isomers
      • Molecular properties: LogP, pKa, chirality
      • Classification: according to functional groups
      • Reactivity: bond polarity, reaction mechanism
      • Spectroscopy: determining molecular structure
    • Why must physicochemical properties be considered in drug design?
      They influence synthesis and formulation
    • Who discovered the electron and in what year?
      Thomson in 1897
    • What equation did Planck introduce in 1900?
      E = hv
    • Who discovered the nucleus and in what year?
      Rutherford in 1909
    • What did Millikan measure in 1910?
      The charge on an electron
    • What model of the atom did Bohr describe in 1913?
      A quantum model of the atom
    • What concept did de Broglie describe in 1924?
      Wave-particle duality
    • What is Schrödinger’s equation used for?
      Understanding electron positions in atoms
    • What do the three quantum numbers describe in atomic orbitals?
      The properties of each orbital
    • What does the principal quantum number (n) represent?
      Energy level of the electron
    • What does the angular momentum quantum number (l) indicate?
      Shape of the orbital
    • What does the magnetic quantum number (ml) specify?
      Direction of the orbital
    • How are the energy and shape of an orbital determined?
      By a combination of quantum numbers
    • What does it mean for orbitals to be degenerate?
      They are equal in energy
    • What is the 2s orbital associated with?
      n = 2, l = 0
    • What is the 2p orbital associated with?
      n = 2, l = 1
    • What are the shapes of atomic orbitals?
      • 1s: spherical shape
      • 2s: spherical shape
      • 2p: dumbbell shape
    • What affects the energy of atomic orbitals in many-electron atoms?
      Effective nuclear charge experienced by electrons
    • Why do outer electrons experience lower effective nuclear charge?
      Due to shielding by inner electrons
    • How do s and p atomic orbitals differ in many-electron atoms?
      They are not equal in energy
    • What are the rules for electronic configurations?
      1. Aufbau principle: electrons fill lowest energy orbitals first
      2. Pauli exclusion principle: no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers
      3. Hund’s rule: maximize unpaired electrons in degenerate orbitals
    • What are valence electrons?
      Outermost electrons enclosing a closed shell
    • What is the significance of covalent bonds in carbon?
      They form filled orbitals with opposing spin
    • How many covalent bonds can carbon form in the ground state?
      Four covalent bonds
    • Does the formation of four covalent bonds lead to stable molecules?
      Yes, it leads to stable molecules
    • What is the email address for further information?
      a.d.m.curtis@keele.ac.uk
    • What is the title of the study material?
      Structure and Bonding II
    • Who is the author of the study material?
      Dr Anthony Curtis
    • What is the principal quantum number for the 2s orbital?
      n = 2
    • What is the azimuthal quantum number for the 2p orbital?
      l = 1
    • What does the quantum number ml represent for l = 1?
      ml = 1, 0, or -1
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