Allotropes - Graphene and Fullerenes

• What are the allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?

  Graphene and fullerenes
• What is the structure of graphene made up of?

  Multiple repeating hexagons
• How are the carbon atoms in graphene bonded?

  Each carbon is bonded to three other carbons
• What are allotropes?

  Different structural forms of the same element
• Why is graphene strong?

  Due to its structure of multiple layers
• What property allows graphene to conduct electricity?

  Delocalized pool of electrons
• Where can graphene be naturally obtained from?

  Graphite from the ground
• What are fullerenes?

  Tiny tubes and spheres made from carbon
• How can fullerenes be used in drug delivery?

  They can cage drugs for targeted delivery
• Why are fullerenes useful as industrial catalysts?

  They have a large surface area to volume ratio
• What are carbon nanotubes known for?

  Being tiny tubes that conduct electricity
• How do carbon nanotubes strengthen materials?

  By adding strength without much weight
• What is the first fullerene made?

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What is the formula for buckminsterfullerene?

  C$_{60}$
• What is nanotechnology?

  Technology using tiny structures like fullerenes
• In which industries is nanotechnology being used?

  Medicine, batteries, food, and fashion
• What are the main uses of graphene and fullerenes?

  • Electronics (conductivity)
  • Drug delivery systems
  • Industrial catalysts
  • Strengthening materials (e.g., tennis rackets)
  • Nanotechnology applications
• What are the characteristics of graphene and fullerenes that make them useful?

  • Graphene: strong, conductive, natural source
  • Fullerenes: hollow shapes, large surface area, versatile applications
• What is the significance of the structure of graphene?

  • Composed of layers of hexagons
  • Each carbon bonded to three others
  • Delocalized electrons allow conductivity