Alexander II + III

• Who was Alexander III's father?


  Alexander II
• What was Alexander III's reaction to his father's death?

  He adopted uncompromising authoritarianism
• How did Alexander III's reign differ from Alexander II's?

  Alexander III emphasized conservatism and autocracy
• What manifesto did Alexander III issue on April 29, 1881?

  Manifesto on Unshakable Autocracy
• What principle did Alexander III affirm in his manifesto?

  He affirmed the principle of autocracy
• What ideology did Alexander III return to during his reign?

  Russian uniqueness based on Orthodoxy
• What was Alexander III's physical appearance like?

  Tall, broad-shouldered, and bulky
• How did Alexander III's upbringing influence him?

  He was influenced by his grandfather's military training
• What was Alexander III's attitude towards his family?

  He was devoted and spent time with them
• What did Alexander III think of his father's reforms?

  He considered them ill-advised and dangerous
• Who did Alexander III appoint as Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod?

  Pobedonosiev
• What was the purpose of the Loris-Melikov proposals?

  To introduce constitutional reforms
• How did Alexander III's policies affect local government?

  They centralized control and reduced independence
• What was the role of Maria Fedorovna as Empress?

  Patron of hospitals and schools
• How did Alexander III's reign impact education?

  It tightened control over universities and schools
• What was the government's approach to national minorities?

  They implemented a policy of Russification
• What was the significance of the Cathedral of Christ the Redeemer?

  It symbolized the connection between Church and State
• What was the effect of the 1881 emergency measures?

  They allowed arrests without trial and restricted liberties
• How did the Okhrana function during Alexander III's reign?

  It infiltrated revolutionary groups and recruited informers
• What was the purpose of the Peasant Land Bank established in 1861?

  To help peasants buy land
• What was the impact of the Zemstvos established in 1864?

  They brought local governance to the provinces
• What was the demographic composition of the Russian Empire?

  Half ethnic Russians, half diverse ethnic groups
• What was the Polish Revolt of 1863?

  A significant uprising against Russian control
• What was the government's response to civil disobedience among nationalities?

  They implemented Russification policies
• How did Alexander III's policies affect the Zemstva's independence?

  They reduced independence and centralized control
• What was the significance of the 1890 Zemstva Act?

  It reduced the independence of local governments
• What were the effects of the 1892 Municipal Government Act?

  It reduced voting rights in cities
• How did Alexander III's reign impact the Russian economy?

  It supported modernization and industrialization efforts
• What was the role of the Okhrana in Alexander III's government?

  To monitor and suppress revolutionary activities
• What was the significance of the 1887 assassination plot?

  It highlighted the dangers faced by the Tsar
• How did Alexander III's policies affect the peasantry?

  They increased control and reduced representation
• What was the impact of the 1861 emancipation of serfs?

  It abolished serfdom and reformed land ownership
• What were the consequences of the 1881 emergency measures?

  They allowed for arrests without trial and censorship
• How did Alexander III's reign influence Russian society?

  It led to increased repression and control
• What was the role of informers during Alexander III's reign?

  They infiltrated revolutionary groups
• What was the significance of the 1891-92 famine?

  It highlighted the need for local government improvements
• How did Alexander III's policies affect the relationship between Church and State?

  They reaffirmed the connection between them
• What was the purpose of the Peasant Land Bank established in 1861?

  To assist peasants in purchasing land
• What was the impact of the 1864 Zemstvos on local governance?

  They established local governments in provinces
• What was the demographic composition of the Russian Empire?

  Half ethnic Russians, half diverse ethnic groups