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applied science unit1
muscles
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adna ibrahim
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Cards (15)
What are muscles made up of?
Bundles of
muscle fibers
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What is a muscle fiber?
It is the actual
muscle cell
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What are myofibrils?
Long thin structures in
muscle fibers
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What are sarcomeres?
Sections that make up
myofibrils
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What types of filaments are in sarcomeres?
Myosin
and
actin
filaments
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Describe the structure of muscles.
Muscles are made of bundles of
muscle fibers
Each fiber is a muscle cell
Myofibrils
are long thin structures
Myofibrils consist of sarcomeres
Sarcomeres
contain
myosin
and
actin
filaments
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How do muscles contract?
Sarcomeres
get shorter during contraction
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What is the length range of sarcomeres during contraction?
Between
2.2
and
3 micrometers
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What happens to actin filaments during muscle contraction?
They slide between
myosin filaments
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What is the role of special proteins in muscle contraction?
They drag the
filaments
together
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What are the two types of muscle fibers?
Slow twitch
and
fast twitch
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Describe slow twitch muscle fibers.
Slow sustained contraction for long periods
Lots of
mitochondria
High
aerobic respiration
Many capillaries for oxygen supply
Large
oxygen and glucose stores
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Describe fast twitch muscle fibers.
Rapid intense contractions in short bursts
Few
mitochondria
Energy from
anaerobic respiration
Produces
lactic acid
Tires quickly with little stored oxygen
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What type of athlete typically has more slow twitch fibers?
Endurance athletes
like
marathon runners
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What type of athlete typically has more fast twitch fibers?
Sprinters
and explosive athletes
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