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rayan uddin
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Cards (36)
What is the approximate percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere?
About
80
%
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What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
About
20%
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What gases are present in small proportions in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
, water vapour,
noble gases
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How did algae and plants contribute to the oxygen in the atmosphere?
They produced oxygen through
photosynthesis
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What is the photosynthesis equation that represents oxygen production?
6CO2 + 6H2O →
C6H12O6
+ 6O2
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When did algae first produce oxygen?
About
2.7 billion
years ago
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What happened to the percentage of oxygen over the next billion years?
It
gradually
increased
to
enable
animal
evolution
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What is one theory about the Earth's early atmosphere?
It was formed by
volcanic activity
releasing gases
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What gases may have been present in the early atmosphere?
Mainly
carbon dioxide
with little or no
oxygen
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How did carbon dioxide levels decrease in the atmosphere?
Through
photosynthesis
and
ocean absorption
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What is limestone primarily composed of?
Calcium carbonate
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How is coal formed?
From thick plant deposits buried and
compressed
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What produces crude oil and natural gas?
Deposited
plankton
covered and compressed over time
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What are two sources of nitrogen in the atmosphere?
Volcanoes
and
denitrifying bacteria
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What human activities contribute to greenhouse gas increases?
Combustion of
fossil fuels
and
deforestation
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What is the carbon footprint?
Total
greenhouse gases
emitted over a
product's life
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What is one action to reduce the carbon footprint?
Increased use of
alternative energy
supplies
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What is the greenhouse effect?
It maintains
Earth's
temperatures for life
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What is the process of the greenhouse effect?
UV radiation
enters, Earth absorbs, re-emits
IR
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What gases are considered greenhouse gases?
Water vapour
,
carbon dioxide
,
methane
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What correlates with the increase in carbon dioxide over the last 100 years?
Increased use of
fossil fuels
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What is a major cause of climate change?
An
increase
in
average
global
temperature
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What are potential effects of global climate change?
Sea level rise
,
severe storms
, rainfall changes
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What are some problems of reducing the carbon footprint?
Lack of
public
information and
scientific
disagreement
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What is complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Occurs with a plentiful
oxygen supply
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What is the equation for complete combustion of methane?
CH4
+ 2O2 →
CO2
+ 2H2O
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How are nitrogen oxides produced?
By burning
fuels
at high
temperatures
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What happens during incomplete combustion?
Produces
carbon monoxide
and
soot
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What is carbon monoxide?
A
toxic
,
colorless
, and
odorless
gas
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What is sulfur dioxide produced from?
Burning
sulfur
impurities
in
fuels
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What pollutants are released during combustion?
Carbon dioxide, water vapour,
carbon monoxide
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What health problems can sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause?
Respiratory problems
in humans
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What is acid rain caused by?
Sulfur dioxide
and
nitrogen oxides
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What is the advantage of complete combustion?
Less
soot
and more heat released
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What is the nature of combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
It is an
exothermic
reaction
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What happens to carbon and hydrogen during combustion?
They are
oxidised
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