chromosomes and mitosis

• What must cells do to survive and grow?

  Cells must divide
• What do chromosomes contain?

  Genetic information
• Where is genetic material found in most cells?

  In the nucleus
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Coiled-up lengths of DNA molecules
• What do chromosomes carry?

  A large number of genes
• What do different genes control?

  The development of different characteristics
• How many copies of each chromosome do body cells normally have?

  Two copies
• From whom do organisms inherit their chromosomes?

  One from the mother and one from the father
• What is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides called?

  Mitosis
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What is the cell cycle?

  • A series of stages for cell division
  • Produces new cells for growth and repair
  • Includes the stage of mitosis
• Why do multicellular organisms use mitosis?

  To grow, develop, or replace damaged cells
• What is the result of the cell cycle?

  Two new cells identical to the original
• What happens when the control of cell division fails?

  It can result in cancer
• What are the main stages of the cell cycle?

  1. Growth
  2. DNA replication
  3. Mitosis
• What happens to DNA in a non-dividing cell?

  It is spread out in long strings
• What must a cell do before it divides?

  Grow and increase subcellular structures
• What forms when DNA is duplicated?

  X-shaped chromosomes
• What happens to the arms of each chromosome during mitosis?

  They go to opposite ends of the cell
• What forms around each set of chromosomes after mitosis?

  Membranes that become nuclei
• What divides last in the process of mitosis?

  The cytoplasm and cell membrane
• What do the daughter cells contain after mitosis?

  Exactly the same DNA as the parent cell
• What is the process of mitosis?

  1. Chromosomes line up at the center
  2. Cell fibers pull them apart
  3. Chromosome arms move to opposite ends
  4. Membranes form around sets of chromosomes
  5. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
  6. Two identical daughter cells are produced
• If a student counts 11 cells undergoing mitosis out of 73 total cells, what is the percentage of cells undergoing mitosis?

  $15.07\%$
• How can a student tell if a cell is undergoing mitosis?

  By observing the alignment of chromosomes