Political developments

• How many Dumas were there between 1906-1914?

  Four
• When were the Fundamental laws of Monarchy passed?

  April 1906
• What was the unelected upper house called?

  Imperial Council of State
• What did Article 87 of the Fundamental laws mean?


  The Tsar was able to by-pass the Duma by giving him the power to issue decrees without it in session
• How many seats did the Kadets win in the 1st Duma?

  182 of 448
• When was the first Duma?

  April - June 1906
• Who appointed the Imperial Council of State?

  1/2 of the members appointed by Tsar and others by Zemstvo, Church and nobility
• What did the first Duma debate that was too radical for the government?

  Their ideas of land distribution which wasn't an option for the government
• How many kadet and labourist deputies reassembled at Vyborg?


  200
• What did the Kadets pass at Vyborg?

  The Vyborg Manifesto
• What did the Vyborg manifesto urge people to do?


  .Refuse to pay taxes

  .Disobey conscription orders
• What was the result of the Vyborg manifesto?

  The deputies were arrested and debarred from re-election in the Duma
• What groups did the League of Liberals divide into?

  Kadets and Octoberists
• Who led the Kadets?

  Milyukov
• Which group accepted the terms of the October Manifesto?

  The Octoberists
• When was the 2nd Duma?

  February - June 1907
• How many SR and SD deputies were there in the 2nd Duma?

  90 deputies
• Why was the 2nd Duma closed?

  In the Mid-1907s the SD and SR deputies were accused of engaging in subversion
• What was introduced between the 2nd and 3rd Duma?

  The 1907 electoral law
• What did the 1907 electoral law state?

  The nobility could elect more than half of the Duma while the peasantry could elect only 1/5
• What percentage of the population was the nobility?

  Less than 1%
• When was the Third Duma?

  November 1907 - June 1912
• How many seats were split between the Kadets, Trudoviks and socialists?

  100
• What bills were approved by the Third duma?

  .Setting up schools for the children of the poor

  .National insurance for industry
• What were land captains replaced by in the third duma?

  Justices of the Peace
• What did more JPs in the Duma mean?

  Zemstvos were able to reassert their authority over local administration
• What did Russia have by 1914 which allowed for criticism of the Tsar?

  A largely free press
• When was the Fourth Duma?

  November 1912 - August 1914
• What progressive work did the Fourth Duma do?

  Providing the beginnings of state welfare
• What plan about education did the third duma introduce?

  A plan to establish universal primary education 8-11 was introduced
• What did the Third Duma set up?

  A military committee in 1907 chaired by Guchkov
• What did the military committee do?

  Examined military spending which led to changes in policy in 1911
• What did Article 4 of the Fundamental Laws state?


  That the Tsar possessed 'Supreme Autocratic Power'
• What areas were placed under the Tsar's jurisdiction alone?

  Defence and foreign affairs
• What did the Fundamental laws provide?

  Freedom of association, assembly and speech