challenges to rule of queen elizabeth

Cards (45)

  • Who was Mary, Queen of Scots' cousin?
    Elizabeth I
  • Why was Mary, Queen of Scots considered unsuitable as a monarch?
    She was Catholic and half-French
  • When did Mary become Queen of Scotland?
    1542
  • What dramatic events marked Mary's life?
    Two husbands died, and she was imprisoned
  • In what year did Mary flee to England?
    1568
  • What dilemma did Elizabeth face regarding Mary?
    What to do with Mary as a guest
  • Why did many English Catholics support Mary as Elizabeth's successor?
    They believed Elizabeth was illegitimate
  • What did Mary promise to restore if she became queen?
    The supremacy of the Catholic Church
  • What made Mary a potential threat to England?
    Her connections to France
  • What were the potential political consequences of sending Mary back to Scotland or France?
    She could gather support against Elizabeth
  • What was one consequence of unlawfully imprisoning Mary?
    International outcry and attacks
  • What was the risk of executing Mary?
    It could provoke international attacks
  • Where did Elizabeth initially allow Mary to live?
    Carlisle Castle
  • What challenges did Elizabeth face alongside Mary's threat?
    Plots by Catholics to restore Mary
  • When was Mary executed?
    8 February 1587
  • What did the executioner shout after Mary's execution?
    “God save the Queen”
  • Why did Elizabeth hesitate to sign Mary's death warrant?
    She feared international backlash
  • What was Elizabeth's reaction when she learned her secretary took the death warrant?
    She was furious and imprisoned him
  • What was the reaction of France after Mary's execution?
    They wanted to maintain their alliance with England
  • What was Spain's situation at the time of Mary's execution?
    They were already at war with England
  • Who was the heir to the English throne after Mary's execution?
    King James VI of Scotland
  • How did English Catholics react after Mary's execution?
    They remained loyal to Elizabeth
  • What event marked the beginning of war between England and Spain?
    The Spanish Armada invasion
  • What were the religious differences between Spain and England?
    Spain was Catholic, England was Protestant
  • Who was King Philip of Spain married to before Elizabeth?
    Mary I
  • What actions did English sailors take against Spanish ships?
    They attacked and stole treasure
  • Why was the civil war in France significant for England?
    It reduced the threat from Spain
  • What did Elizabeth do to support the Dutch rebels?
    She sent an army to help them
  • When was the Spanish Armada first sighted?
    29 July 1588
  • What was the Spanish Armada's formation when sailing towards England?
    Crescent formation
  • What was one reason for the Spanish Armada's failure?
    Inexperienced leadership and tactics
  • How many ships did the Spanish Armada have?
    130 ships
  • What was the English tactic during the Spanish Armada battle?
    Attack from a safe distance
  • What was the annual income of the Spanish fleet?
    £3 million
  • What happened to the Spanish ships after the battle?
    Many were wrecked in storms
  • How many men did England lose during the Spanish Armada?
    100 men
  • What contributed to the Spanish defeat besides bad weather?
    Inexperienced leadership and poor tactics
  • What was one of Elizabeth's main problems concerning France?
    Bad relationship inherited from Mary I
  • Why was the King of France a concern for Elizabeth?
    He supported Mary, Queen of Scots
  • What was the outcome of the civil war in France for Elizabeth?
    It improved relations with France