The plant kingdom

• What are the five kingdoms of life excluding viruses?

  Animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria
• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among living organisms?

  They are not classified as living organisms
• What type of cells are animals, plants, fungi, and protists made of?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is a key feature of eukaryotic cells?

  DNA is found in a nucleus
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?

  They are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?

  10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?

  5 to 10 million species
• What do all animals have in common?

  They are multicellular heterotrophs
• What does multicellular mean?

  Made up of many cells
• How do animals obtain energy?

  From consuming other organisms
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?

  About 300,000 species
• How do plants obtain their energy?

  Through photosynthesis using sunlight
• What is a key difference between fungi and plants?

  Fungi cannot photosynthesize
• What type of organisms can fungi be?

  Multicellular or unicellular
• What is saprotrophic nutrition in fungi?

  Digestive enzymes break down food externally
• What is mycelium in fungi?

  A body made of thread-like hyphae
• What can some fungi cause in humans?

  They can be pathogens causing diseases
• What do the terms protists and protozoa refer to?

  They refer to the same kingdom of organisms
• What is a common characteristic of most protists?

  They are unicellular organisms
• How do some protists obtain energy?

  Through photosynthesis or consuming others
• What is an example of a protist that causes disease?

  Plasmodium causes malaria
• What are bacteria classified as?

  Single-celled prokaryotic organisms
• Where can bacteria be found?

  Almost everywhere, including on skin
• How do most bacteria obtain energy?

  By feeding off other organisms
• What is the size comparison of viruses to bacteria?

  10 to 100 times smaller than bacteria
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  Protein coat surrounding genetic material
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Inside living cells of other organisms
• What term describes viruses in relation to other organisms?

  Parasites
• Why are all viruses considered pathogens?

  They always cause harm to living organisms
• Name an example of a virus that affects plants.

  Tobacco mosaic virus
• What virus is known to cause AIDS?

  HIV
• What virus is associated with COVID-19?

  SARS-CoV-2
• What are the key features of the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthesize
  • Fungi: multicellular/unicellular, heterotrophs, saprotrophic nutrition
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, diverse energy sources
  • Bacteria: unicellular, prokaryotic, diverse habitats
• What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

  • Eukaryotic: have a nucleus, larger size, complex structure
  • Prokaryotic: no nucleus, smaller size, simpler structure
• What are the characteristics of fungi?

  • Can be multicellular or unicellular
  • Heterotrophs, cannot photosynthesize
  • Use saprotrophic nutrition
  • Some can be pathogens
• What are the characteristics of viruses?

  • Non-living particles
  • Require living cells to reproduce
  • Cause harm to host organisms
  • Come in various shapes and sizes