Psych

• What is the cognitive approach in psychology based on?

  Key assumptions about human behavior
• What are the key assumptions of the cognitive approach?

  1. Mental processes can be studied scientifically
  2. Humans as information processors
  3. Focus on internal mental structures
  4. Active participants in processing information
  5. Cognition affects behavior
  6. Development of cognitive skills
  7. Mental processes are limited and selective
  8. Influence of past experiences
• What does the cognitive approach assume about mental processes?

  They can be studied scientifically
• How does the cognitive approach view humans?

  As information processors like computers
• Why is understanding internal mental structures important in cognitive psychology?

  It is crucial for understanding behavior
• What do cognitive theorists believe about individuals processing information?

  They actively interpret and organize information
• How do cognition and behavior relate according to the cognitive approach?

  Cognition significantly influences behavior
• What does cognitive development involve?

  Growth and change in mental processes over time
• What does the cognitive approach say about mental processes?

  They are limited and selective
• How do past experiences influence cognitive processing?

  They shape understanding through schemas
• What are the core concepts of the cognitive approach?

  1. Schemas
  2. Cognitive Maps
  3. Mental Representations
  4. Information Processing
  5. Attention
  6. Perception
  7. Memory
  8. Cognitive Development
  9. Problem Solving
  10. Decision Making
  11. Metacognition
  12. Cognitive Biases
  13. Heuristics
• What are schemas in cognitive psychology?

  Mental frameworks for organizing information
• How do schemas help individuals?

  They help organize and interpret information
• What are cognitive maps?

  Mental representations of physical locations
• How do cognitive maps assist individuals?

  They help navigate and understand surroundings
• What are mental representations?

  Internal images or symbols for objects
• How do mental representations function?

  They help make sense of the world
• What does information processing refer to?

  How the brain organizes and retrieves information
• How is information processing compared to computer processing?

  Both involve input, processing, and output
• What is attention in cognitive psychology?

  Focusing mental resources on specific aspects
• Why is attention crucial for information processing?

  It allows effective processing of information
• What does perception refer to?

  Interpreting sensory input from the environment
• What are the two types of processing involved in perception?

  Bottom-up and top-down processing
• What is memory in cognitive psychology?

  Processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving information
• How is memory formed and recalled?

  Through encoding and rehearsal processes
• What does cognitive development involve?

  Growth and change in mental processes
• How is cognitive development often studied?

  Through stages of development
• What is problem solving in cognitive psychology?

  Identifying problems and generating solutions
• What cognitive strategies are involved in problem solving?

  Trial and error, algorithms, and heuristics
• What is decision making in cognitive psychology?

  Selecting a course of action among alternatives
• How can decision making be influenced?

  By heuristics or systematic reasoning
• What is metacognition?

  Awareness and control of cognitive processes
• How does metacognition help individuals?

  It improves learning and problem-solving
• What are cognitive biases?

  Systematic patterns of deviation in thinking
• How do cognitive biases affect decision-making?

  They influence judgments in predictable ways
• What are heuristics?

  Mental shortcuts that simplify decision-making
• How can heuristics lead to errors?

  They can result in cognitive biases
• What are the key assumptions of the social approach?

  1. Behavior is influenced by social context
  2. Social interaction shapes thoughts and emotions
  3. People are social beings
  4. Social norms and roles influence behavior
  5. Conformity and obedience are powerful forces
  6. Social identity influences behavior
  7. Cultural differences shape behavior
  8. Social learning and modeling
  9. Social influence is not always conscious
  10. Attitudes are shaped by social interaction
  11. Group dynamics influence individual behavior
  12. Social comparison
• How does social context influence behavior?

  It shapes actions based on social environment
• How do social interactions affect thoughts and emotions?

  They profoundly influence perceptions and feelings