Kidneys- urine

• What is the primary function of the kidney?

  Regulates water content and filters blood
• How many nephrons are approximately in each kidney?

  Around one million
• Where do nephrons start and end in the kidney?

  Start in the cortex and end in the medulla
• What substances do nephrons regulate and remove from the blood?

  Water, salts, and urea
• What is formed from the filtered excess water, salts, and urea?

  Urine
• How is urine transported from the kidneys to the bladder?

  Along tubes called ureters
• What is the role of the bladder in the urinary system?

  Stores urine until expulsion
• How does purified blood return to circulation after filtration?

  Through the renal vein
• What is the function of the renal artery?

  Brings blood to the kidney
• What is the Bowman's capsule's role in the nephron?

  Surrounds the capillary knot for filtration
• What creates high pressure in the capillary knot?

  Narrower diameter of the exiting capillary
• What process occurs due to the high pressure in the capillary knot?

  Ultrafiltration
• What substances pass out of the capillary into the Bowman's capsule?

  Water, salts, glucose, and small molecules
• What is the function of the rest of the nephron tubule?

  Selective reabsorption of glucose, salts, and water
• What does the collecting duct do in the nephron?

  Reabsorbs water and sends urine to ureter
• What is the pathway of urine from the kidneys to the outside of the body?

  Kidneys → Ureters → Bladder → Urethra
• What is the role of the urethra?

  Expels urine from the body
• What is the function of the renal vein?

  Returns purified blood to circulation
• What major blood vessel does the renal artery branch from?

  Aorta
• What major blood vessel does the renal vein connect to?

  Vena cava
• What is the primary waste product removed by the kidneys?

  Urea
• What is the role of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in kidney function?

  Regulates water reabsorption in kidneys
• What is kidney disease?

  A condition affecting kidney function
• How does a dialysis machine assist kidney function?

  Filters waste from the blood artificially
• What is the role of the ureter?

  Carries urine from kidneys to bladder
• What is the function of the capillary network in the nephron?

  Facilitates filtration of blood
• What is the significance of the narrow arteriole in the nephron?

  Creates high pressure for ultrafiltration
• What happens to proteins and blood cells in the nephron?

  They are too big to leave the capillaries
• What is the role of the tubule in the nephron?

  Responsible for selective reabsorption
• What is the collecting duct's role in urine formation?

  Reabsorbs water and sends urine to ureter