renal system

• What is the main function of the excretory system?

  Remove waste and excess substances
• Why is maintaining an osmotic balance important for survival?

  To manage water and solutes in the body
• What are the two big obstacles that the excretory system addresses?

  Osmotic balance and metabolic waste
• What is metabolic waste?

  Carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes
• What role does the skin play in the excretory system?

  Excretes water and substances
• What is the role of the liver in the excretory system?

  Detoxification and produces urea
• What is the role of the lungs in the excretory system?

  Excretes carbon dioxide
• What is the main function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

  Filter blood to produce urine
• What are the parts of the urinary system?

  Kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra
• What is the function of the nephron?

  Processes waste products from the blood to create urine
• What is the glomerulus?

  A specialized mass of capillaries
• What happens to the fluid in the Bowman's capsule?

  It becomes filtrate
• What are some of the substances found in the filtrate?

  Water, glucose, amino acids, salts, and urea
• What is the process of reabsorption in the nephron?

  Substances move from the filtrate back into the blood
• What is the function of the proximal tubule?

  Reabsorbs substances like NaCl, glucose, and amino acids
• What is the function of the loop of Henle?

  Reabsorbs water and salts, and helps regulate pH
• What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

  Reabsorbs substances like NaCl and water, and helps regulate pH
• What is the function of the collecting duct?

  Reabsorbs water and NaCl, and helps regulate pH
• What is the role of hormones in the collecting duct?

  Regulates the permeability to water
• What is the effect of diuretics on the nephron?

  Increases the amount of water in the filtrate
• What is dialysis?

  A treatment for severely compromised kidney function
• What are the different parts of the nephron?

  • Glomerulus
  • Bowman's capsule
  • Proximal tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct
• What are the different processes that occur in the nephron?

  • Filtration
  • Reabsorption
  • Secretion
  • Diffusion
  • Active transport
• What are the different substances that are reabsorbed or secreted in the nephron?

  • NaCl
  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • Water
  • H+ ions
  • Ammonium ions
  • Urea
• What is osmotic balance?

  Equilibrium of water and solutes in the body
• Why is maintaining osmotic balance important?

  To regulate the amount of water and solutes in the body
• What is the role of the liver in detoxification?

  To remove toxins from the blood
• What is the role of the lungs in excreting carbon dioxide?

  To remove carbon dioxide from the blood
• What is the structure and function of the nephron?

  A unit of the kidney that filters blood to produce urine
• What is the process of filtration in the glomerulus?

  Blood is filtered to produce filtrate
• What is the process of reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

  Substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood
• What is the process of secretion in the distal convoluted tubule?

  Substances are secreted from the blood into the filtrate
• What is the role of hormones in regulating the permeability to water in the collecting duct?

  To regulate the amount of water reabsorbed into the blood
• What is the effect of diuretics on the nephron?

  Increases the amount of water in the filtrate
• What is the definition and purpose of dialysis?

  A treatment for severely compromised kidney function to filter the blood and regulate osmoregulation