quiz

• What do T cells recognize in antigen recognition?

  Antigenic peptides from processed antigens
• Which T cells recognize MHC Class I peptide complexes?

  CD8+ T cells
• How do CD8+ T cells respond to antigens?

  They respond strongly to polysaccharide antigens
• What type of antigens do CD4+ T cells recognize?

  Antigens processed in the cytosolic pathway
• Which pathways do CD8+ T cells recognize antigens from?

  Both cytosolic and endocytic pathways
• What is a correct statement about MHC molecules?

  All subunits of class I have transmembrane regions
• What is true about class I molecules?

  They have open peptide binding sites
• What do MHC peptide binding sites make up?

  The distal domain of the molecules
• How do class II molecules compare to class I molecules?

  Class II bind shorter processed peptides than class I
• Which cells secrete antibodies?

  Plasma cells
• What is a correct statement about the complement system?

  C5a is chemotactic and activates mast cells
• What is true about the ‘a’ fragments in the complement system?

  The ‘a’ fragments are typically smaller
• What is the role of C5a in the complement system?

  It is chemotactic and activates mast cells
• What does chemotaxis promote in immunology?

  The recruitment of leukocytes
• What do chemokines act as?

  Opsonins
• What triggers natural immunity?

  Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) binding to microbes
• What characterizes TREGS in immunology?

  Secretion of TGF-β, which is immunosuppressive
• What is true about antigen processing?

  Most nucleated cells can use the cytosolic pathway
• Who are the first responders in natural immunity?

  Dendritic cells
• How long does the natural immune response take to develop?

  It takes several weeks to develop
• What is true about adaptive immunity?

  Antigen-specific B cells and T cells undergo clonal expansion
• Which cells are not formed from the common myeloid precursor cell?

  Natural killer cells
• What is true about phagocytosis?

  Killing occurs in phagosomes
• What is the composition of the membrane attack complex?

  C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9
• Which cytokine is key in the acute inflammatory response?


  TNF-a
• Which complement pathways share a similar sequence of events?

  Classical and alternative pathway
• Where are mast cells likely to be found?

  They reside in tissues
• What is true about T cells maturation?

  They undergo maturation in the bone marrow
• What is a primary lymphoid tissue?

  Bone Marrow
• Which laboratory test is not advised for diagnosing allergic diseases?

  C1/C2 (complement component) levels
• Which vaccines contain live pathogens?

  Whole Organism Vaccines
• Which of the following is not regarded as a mononuclear cell?


  Eosinophil
• What is true about complement regulation?

  Factor I is a protease and requires a cofactor
• What characterizes TH2 cells?

  Secretion of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13
• Which region in an antibody accounts for flexibility?

  The hinge region
• Which class of antibody protects mucosal tissue?

  IgA
• Which vaccines protect against polio?

  Sabin and Salk vaccines
• What are the key functions of T cells in the immune response?

  • Recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules
  • CD4+ T cells help activate other immune cells
  • CD8+ T cells kill infected or cancerous cells
  • Memory T cells provide long-term immunity
• What are the main components of the complement system?

  • C3, C4, C5 proteins
  • Opsonins (C3b)
  • Chemotactic factors (C5a)
  • Membrane attack complex (C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9)
• What are the differences between innate and adaptive immunity?

  Innate Immunity:

  • Non-specific response
  • Immediate action
  • No memory

  
  

  Adaptive Immunity:

  • Specific response
  • Takes time to develop
  • Memory formation