deprivation & privation

• maternal deprivation - bowlby


  separation:

  • child is not in the presence of the primary caregiver, brief separations aren't usually an issue.

  deprivation:

  • separation can become a problem if because of that separation the child is deprived of emotional care, extended separations can lead to deprivation.
• maternal deprivation hypothesis

  • claimed that continuous 'maternal care' is necessary for emotional and cognitive development.
  • there is a critical period during which maternal deprivation will affect development and effects will be permanent.

  1. intellectual development - problems with cognitive development
  2. emotional development - leads to affection less psychopathy (can't feel guilt/ strong empathy)
• romanian orphan studies - Rutter

  • half of the orphans showed mental retardation.
  • those adopted before 6 months had a mean IQ of 102
  • those adopted between 6 months and 2 years had a mean IQ of 86.
  • those adopted after 2 years have a mean IQ of 77.
  • frequency of disinhibited attachment related to the age of adoption.
• romanian orpahn studies- Zeanah

  • 19% of institutionalised group were securely attached.
  • 65% classified with disorganised attachment.
• EVALUATION - romanian orphan studies

  • P: has important practical applications
  • P: has fewer confounding variables
  • N: issues with generalising
  • N: long term affects of early experience are not yet clear.