Behavioural Genetics

• Who discovered the structure of DNA?

  Watson & Crick
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double helix
• What holds the strands of DNA together?

  Hydrogen bonds
• What are the specific partners of nucleotides in DNA?

  A-T, C-G
• What is the central dogma for transmission of information?

  DNA is a template of proteins
• What is a gene?

  A sequence of nucleotides
• What is a deletion in genetics?

  Deletion of part of a gene
• What is the genome?

  Human genome - human have nucleotides and proteins are encoded
• What is a duplication in genetics?

  Addition of extra base pairs
• What is sequencing in genetics?

  Determining the order of base pairs in a DNA fragment
• What is a mutation in genetics?

  A change in a gene
• What is a point mutation in genetics?

  A change in a gene in heterozygotes or homozygous conditions
• What is a recessive gene in genetics?

  Only expressed in homozygous condition
• What is epigenesis in genetics?

  Some genotypes give rise to more than one phenotype due to environmental interaction
• What is heritability in genetics?

  How much of the variance in a trait is explained by genetics
• What is broad sense heritability in genetics?

  How much of the variance is caused by one same gene and environmental influences
• What are twin studies used for in genetics?

  To study the role of genetics in traits
• What is the purpose of assumptions in twin studies?

  To ensure equal measurements and minimize spurious associations
• What are stress genes responsible for?

  Emotion regulation
• What is the normal sleep duration?

  4-5 hours
• What is the role of dopamine in the brain?

  Neurogenic and pleiotropic
• What are the key terms in genetics?

  * Gene: a sequence of nucleotides

  * Genome: human genome - human have nucleotides and proteins are encoded

  * Deletion: deletion of part of a gene

  * Duplication: addition of extra base pairs

  * Sequencing: determining the order of base pairs in a DNA fragment

  * Mutation: a change in a gene

  * Point mutation: a change in a gene in heterozygotes or homozygous conditions

  * Recessive gene: only expressed in homozygous condition

  * Epigenesis: some genotypes give rise to more than one phenotype due to environmental interaction

  * Heritability: how much of the variance in a trait is explained by genetics

  * Broad sense heritability: how much of the variance is caused by one same gene and environmental influences
• What are the key concepts in genetics?

  * Central dogma: DNA is a template of proteins

  * Epigenesis: some genotypes give rise to more than one phenotype due to environmental interaction

  * Heritability: how much of the variance in a trait is explained by genetics

  * Twin studies: used to study the role of genetics in traits

  * Stress genes: responsible for emotion regulation

  * Dopamine: neurogenic and pleiotropic
• What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

  Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain
• What is the difference between a gene and a genome?

  A gene is a sequence of nucleotides, while a genome is the complete set of genes in an organism
• What are the types of mutations and their effects on genes and proteins?

  Point mutations, frameshift mutations, and chromosomal mutations can all affect gene function and protein production
• What is the role of epigenetics in gene expression?

  Epigenetics refers to the study of gene expression changes that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence
• What is the use of animal models in genetics research?

  Animal models are used to study the function of genes and the effects of genetic mutations
• What is the importance of heritability in understanding the role of genetics in traits?

  Heritability estimates the proportion of variation in a trait that can be attributed to genetic factors