Crude oil/Hydrocarbons

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  How crude oil is formed
• What is meant by a hydrocarbon?

  Molecules made of hydrogen and carbon
• What is an alkane?

  A type of hydrocarbon
• What are the four products derived from crude oil mentioned in the video?

  • Plastics
  • Petrol
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Cosmetics
• Why is crude oil considered a finite resource?

  It will eventually run out
• How is crude oil formed?

  From remains of tiny sea creatures
• Where is crude oil found?

  In rocks
• What is the formula for methane?

  $CH_4$
• What are the remains that form crude oil called?

  Plankton
• What does the formula $CH_4$ indicate about methane's structure?


  One carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms
• What is the definition of a hydrocarbon?

  Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon
• What is the name of another hydrocarbon found in crude oil?

  Ethane
• What do scientists call hydrocarbons like methane and ethane?

  Alkanes
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  • General formula: $C_nH_{2n+2}$
  • Where n = number of carbon atoms
• If an alkane has one carbon atom, how many hydrogen atoms does it have?

  Four hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms does ethane have if it has two carbon atoms?

  Six hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms does propane have with three carbon atoms?

  Eight hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms does butane have with four carbon atoms?

  Ten hydrogen atoms
• What does it mean for alkanes to be saturated molecules?

  • Fully bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • No double or triple bonds present
• Which alkane structures should you memorize for the exam?

  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
• What area of chemistry focuses on compounds containing carbon?

  Organic chemistry
• Why is carbon considered a useful element in chemistry?

  It can form four strong bonds
• What are hydrocarbons defined as?

  Compounds formed from carbon and hydrogen only
• What is the name of the hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10?

  Butane
• Why is butanol not classified as a hydrocarbon?

  It contains an oxygen atom
• What is the simplest alkane?

  Methane
• How many carbon atoms are in ethane?

  Two
• What is the molecular formula for propane?

  C3H8
• How do the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms change in alkanes?

  They increase by one carbon and two hydrogens
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  CnH2n+2
• What does the variable 'n' represent in the general formula for alkanes?

  The number of carbon atoms
• If an alkane has three carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it have?

  Eight
• What is the molecular formula for octane?

  C8H18
• What does it mean for alkanes to be saturated compounds?

  Every carbon has four single covalent bonds
• What happens if a single bond in propane is changed to a double bond?

  It becomes an alkene
• What are the first four alkanes in the series?

  1. Methane (C1H4)
  2. Ethane (C2H6)
  3. Propane (C3H8)
  4. Butane (C4H10)
• What is a homologous series in organic chemistry?

  • Groups of organic compounds
  • Similar properties
  • Similar reactivity
• What are the key features of alkanes?

  • Saturated compounds
  • No double bonds
  • General formula: CnH2n+2
• What will be covered in the next video after alkanes?

  • Properties of alkanes
  • Writing combustion equations
• What area of chemistry focuses on compounds containing carbon?

  Organic chemistry