African Americans

• What is the American belief in laissez-faire?

  The government should not intervene in business
• How has the government historically intervened in labor rights?

  Usually on the side of the employer
• What event involved federal troops breaking a strike in the 19th century?

  The Pullman Strike
• What was the purpose of the federal troops during the Cleveland incident?

  To discourage others from striking
• What legal action ended the Ohio Mail strike?

  An injunction declaring the strike illegal
• What did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act allow during WWI?

  Peaceful picketing
• What was the role of the National War Labour Board during the world wars?

  To settle disputes without strikes
• What act was passed after WWI that affected unions?

  The Taft-Hartley Act
• What did the Taft-Hartley Act prevent regarding unions?

  Closed shop practices
• What was the New Deal's impact on workers' rights?

  Improved rights and working conditions
• What did the Fair Wages Act create?

  The National Labour Relations Board
• How did the New Deal affect employer power?

  Reduced their power over workers
• What was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 aimed at?

  Training people for better job success
• What were Kennedy's and Johnson's campaigns focused on?

  Making the USA a fairer place
• What was a significant action taken by Reagan regarding unions?

  Sent military to break strikes
• What did the Supreme Court frequently do regarding strikes?

  Issued injunctions to break strikes
• What did the Supreme Court rule in 1833 regarding strikes?

  Individuals had the right to break strikes
• How did the Supreme Court view the Wagner Act?

  Interfered unconstitutionally with contracts
• What was a consequence of increased job opportunities during the world wars?

  Better wages and working conditions
• What was the effect of the National War Labour Board during the wars?

  Gave unions more power and influence
• What happened in 1919 after WWI?

  4 million workers went on strike
• What happened in 1946 after WWII?

  4.5 million workers went on strike
• How did early unions view skilled and unskilled workers?

  Only accepted skilled workers
• What was the impact of the Depression on union membership?

  Unskilled workers united with skilled workers
• What happened to white-collar workers' union membership post-WWII?

  Decreased significantly
• What was the fear among white workers regarding immigration?

  Immigrants would take jobs and lower wages
• How did African Americans respond to labor unity issues?

  Created their own unions
• What was the purpose of the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL)?

  To address women's exploitation in the workforce
• How did union violence impact public perception?

  Discouraged workers from joining unions
• What was the Molly Maguires known for?

  Violent actions for better working conditions
• What incident is associated with the Haymarket Affair?

  A bomb was thrown during a strike
• What was the outcome of the Haymarket Affair?

  Violence led to a bad reputation for unions