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ECHEM GASES IN WATER
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Cards (21)
What is the most common source of acidity in water?
CO2
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How does CO2 enter the water?
Equilibrium
with the atmosphere and biological degradation
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What is the equation for the equilibrium of CO2 between air and water?
CO2 (
aq
) CO2 (
g
)
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What is the ocean carbon pump?
Process by which
CO2
is stored in deep water
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What are the two sections of the carbon pump?
Physical pump
and
biological pump
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How does the physical pump work?
Water movements sequester
CO2
into deep waters
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2(aq) + 6H2O (+
light energy
) →
C6H12O6
+ 6O2
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What is "dark" photosynthesis?
Temperature-dependent reaction, catalysed by
enzymes
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What is the impact of temperature on photosynthesis?
Rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature, but slows down at temperatures >
40°C
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What is the equation for the formation of carbonic acid?
CO2(aq)
+ H2O →
H2CO3(aq)
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What is the impact of excess nitrogen in a body of water?
Causes
eutrophication
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What is the oxygen demand of an aquatic system?
Amount of
dissolved oxygen
needed for
aerobic organisms
to break down organic material
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What are the conditions that impact dissolved oxygen levels in water?
Temperature
,
biological
demand,
agricultural
run-off,
salinity
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How does hydrogen sulfide (H2S) occur naturally in natural waters?
Through
anaerobic
bacterial
action, decay of sulfur-rich soil/rocks, and
volcanic
gases
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What are the properties of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)?
Toxic
,
explosive
, flammable, gives off an unpleasant "rotten egg" odour
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How is methane (CH4) removed from water?
Through
aeration
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What is the main source of ammonia (NH3) in natural waters?
Agricultural run-off (
fertiliser
usage)
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How is ammonia (NH3) removed from water?
Through
ion exchange
,
reverse osmosis
, distillation, and submerged aeration filters (SAFs)
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What is the ocean carbon pump and how does it work?
The ocean carbon pump is a process by which CO2 is
stored
in
deep water
It consists of two sections: the
physical pump
and the
biological pump
The physical pump
works through water movements that
sequester
CO2
into deep waters
The
biological
pump works through the
conversion
of
CO2
into
organic
carbon
through
photosynthesis
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What are the conditions that impact dissolved oxygen levels in water?
Temperature
Biological demand
Agricultural run-off
Salinity
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How do the different gases in water impact aquatic life?
CO2
: affects pH and can lead to acidification
N2
: excess can cause
eutrophication
O2: essential for aquatic life, depletion can lead to death
H2S
: toxic, explosive, and flammable
CH4
: can displace O2, leading to
asphyxiation
NH3
: toxic to fish, can cause coma and death
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