Autism

    Cards (14)

    • What is Asperger syndrome?
      No history of language difficulty
    • What is high functioning autism?
      can be a history of language difficulty
    • What is PDD-NOS?

      pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
    • What is the neurodiversity perspective on autism?
      increasing recognition of autism as a difference rather than disorder, promotes social model of disability - can gloss over serious difficulties that are not obviously social in nature
    • What did the DSM-V say about autism?
      • clinically significant persistent deficits in social communication and interactions - manifested by deficits in:
      • social-emotional reciprocity
      • non-verbal communication
      • developing, maintaining and understanding relationships
    • The DSM-V say there were repeated patterns of behaviour, interests and activities manifested by what of the following?
      • stereotyped motor/verbal behaviour or unusual sensory behaviours
      • excessive adherence to routines and ritualised patterns of behaviour
      • restricted/fixated interests
      • abnormal responses to sensory stimuli
      • symptoms present in early childhood
    • What was Jain et al.'s 2015 study on MMR vaccines?
      • 95,727 children in USA, with older siblings
      • those with older siblings with ASD - 134 had ASD v 890 with unaffected siblings
      • Receiving vaccine not associated with increased risk of ASD, regardless whether older sibling had ASD
    • Why is the autism diagnosis increasing?
      • incidence is constant but prevalence increases
      • better/changed diagnosis
      • broader criteria
      • incidence increase?
      • environment
      • prenatal injury/disease
      • vaccines
    • What are the statistics of autism in the UK?
      • 2% of people in UK have learning disability
      • 60-70% of autistic people in UK may have learning disability (NHS, 2012)
      • 29% of people with learning disabilities in UK are autistic
    • What is the downside to Autism?
      • feeling alienated/misunderstood
      • bullying of children with ASD is common, bullies single out children who are different (Cappadocia et al., 2012)
    • What are the two models and their view of autism?
      1. Medical: things are going wrong as autistic person is behaving/feeling different
      2. Social: things are going wrong as people around the autistic person are behaving in a way that is not well matched to needs of autistic person
    • What was Lancet's 2016 study on improving communication with autistic people?
      • 152 children with ASD, aged 2-4
      • 2x a month for 6 months, parents watched videos of their interactions with children - therapist paused video periodically to discuss methods parents could do better to engage with their children and boost communication skills
      • 6 years later, of those in intervention group, 46% were considered to have severe autism, compared to 63% in control group
    • What was Watkins et al. (2015) review of peer-mediated programs?
      • review of fostering social interventions between autistic and non-autistic students in inclusive settings
      • findings:
      • improved social skills
      • increased social inclusion
      • long-term impact: positive social interactions continued beyond intervention period
      • limited research on academic outcomes - did not measure impact of peer training on academic performance
    • What was Roberts and Simpson, 2016, study on peer sensitivity training?
      • reviewed various peer awareness interventions and their effectiveness in increasing understanding and acceptance of autistic children in schools
      • positive impact on social inclusion
      • reduced stigma
      • varied program effectiveness - ongoing programs have greater long-term impact
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