Introduction to Psychological Statistics

    Cards (31)

    • What is the definition of statistics?
      Branch of mathematics dealing with data
    • What does statistics help us do?
      Gather information and understand patterns
    • What are the two main types of statistics?
      • Descriptive Statistics
      • Inferential Statistics
    • What do descriptive statistics do?
      Summarize and describe actual collected data
    • What measures are used in descriptive statistics?
      Mean, median, and mode
    • What is the purpose of inferential statistics?
      Make predictions about a population from a sample
    • What does inferential statistics rely on?
      Probability in testing hypotheses
    • What is the formula for finding the mean?
      Mean = Sum of Observations / Total Observations
    • How do you calculate the mean of 176, 178, 178, and 189?
      Mean is 180.25 cm
    • What is the formula for finding the median?
      Median depends on whether n is odd or even
    • How do you find the median in an even set of numbers?
      Average the two middle numbers
    • What is the median of the numbers 176, 178, 178, and 189?
      Median is 178
    • What is the formula for finding the mode?
      Mode = L + h
    • How do you determine the mode of a dataset?
      Identify the number that appears most often
    • What is the mode of the numbers 176, 178, 178, and 189?
      Mode is 178
    • What are the scales of measurement in statistics?
      • Specific methods or instruments for measuring variables
      • Examples: Likert scales, rating scales
    • What are variables in statistics?
      Characteristics that can vary or change
    • What are underlying constructs in statistics?
      Abstract concepts inferred from measured variables
    • What are continuous variables?
      Numerical data with infinite possible values
    • How are continuous variables measured?
      Using scales, thermometers, or stopwatches
    • What are discrete variables?
      Finite figures or integers that can be counted
    • How are discrete variables commonly represented?
      In bar graphs, histograms, and pie charts
    • What are parametric tests?
      Tests requiring assumptions about data
    • What type of data do parametric tests use?
      Continuous data (interval or ratio)
    • What are nonparametric tests?
      Tests that are more flexible with data types
    • What is the role of the independent variable (IV)?
      Manipulated to observe its effect on DV
    • What is the role of the dependent variable (DV)?
      Measured outcome affected by IV
    • What is experimental research?
      Manipulating IV to observe effects on DV
    • What is observational research?
      Recording behaviors without manipulating variables
    • What is a population in research?
      The entire group of individuals studied
    • What is a sample in research?
      Subsets of the population selected for study