Psych Boost Behaviourist Approach

• Who are often considered the first scientific psychologists?

  The behaviorists
• Why do behaviorists focus on observable actions?

  They can only observe objective behaviors
• What do behavior psychologists conduct experiments on?

  Stimulus and response mechanisms
• What is the major sacrifice made by behaviorists?

  They gave up studying internal mental processes
• What is the behaviorist view of the brain?

  The brain is a black box
• What are the three features of the Psych Boost app?

  • Flashcards
  • Multiple choice quizzes
  • Key term tester
• What are the two types of conditioning discussed?

  Pavlovian classical conditioning and Skinnerian operant conditioning
• How do behaviorists view the origin of behavior?

  Through interaction with the environment
• What do behaviorists believe about behavior learning?

  It is learned through experiences
• What is the behaviorist stance on measurable behaviors?

  Psychology should focus on objectively measurable behaviors
• What is a stimulus in behaviorism?

  An applied factor that elicits a response
• What does the term "black box" refer to in behaviorism?

  The mind's internal processes are unobservable
• Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?

  Ivan Pavlov
• What is classical conditioning also known as?

  Learning by association
• What is an unconditioned response in classical conditioning?

  Drooling to food
• How does a neutral stimulus become a conditioned stimulus?

  By being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
• How can classical conditioning explain phobias?

  Through association with an unconditioned stimulus
• Who is known for operant conditioning?

  B.F. Skinner
• What is operant conditioning based on?

  Learning from the consequences of actions
• What happens when a rat presses a lever in a Skinner box?

  It receives a food pellet as a reward
• What is positive reinforcement?

  Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior
• What is negative reinforcement?

  Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior
• What is punishment in behaviorism?

  Reduction of behavior through consequence
• What is positive punishment?

  Adding an unpleasant stimulus when behavior occurs
• What is negative punishment?

  Removing a pleasant stimulus when behavior occurs
• How can parents use reinforcement to change a child's behavior?

  • Positive reinforcement: Praise for tidying room
  • Negative reinforcement: Stop complaints for tidying room
• How can parents use punishment to reduce swearing?

  • Positive punishment: Wash dishes for swearing
  • Negative punishment: Lose phone for swearing
• What is extinction in behaviorism?

  Stopping behavior when consequences cease
• What is behavior shaping?

  Rewarding simple to complex behaviors
• How do classical and operant conditioning differ?

  Classical is involuntary; operant is voluntary
• What does classical conditioning explain about phobias?

  How phobias are acquired through association
• What are the strengths of the behaviorist approach?

  • Objective observation
  • Cause and effect relationships
  • Replicable methods
• What are the limitations of the behaviorist approach?

  • Generalization issues to humans
  • Overly reductionist
  • Ethical concerns in human behavior control
• What are real-life applications of behaviorism?

  Counter conditioning, token economies, classroom management
• How can behaviorism be seen as manipulative?

  It controls human behavior through conditioning
• What is a criticism of behaviorism regarding human behavior complexity?

  It oversimplifies behavior to stimulus-response links
• What other explanations for behavior does behaviorism ignore?

  Social learning, unconscious mind, biology
• What is the role of ethical concerns in behaviorism?

  It raises issues about manipulating human behavior