Epidemiology

• What are clinical trials?

  Controlled experiments to test new treatments
• Why are double-blind trials used in clinical trials?

  To minimise bias by keeping treatment assignments unknown
• What is a placebo in clinical trials?

  An inactive substance used for comparison
• What is the purpose of placebo-controlled trials?

  To determine the real effectiveness of a treatment
• What is epidemiology?

  The study of health and disease patterns in populations
• What is the focus of descriptive studies in epidemiology?

  Who, where, and when of health conditions
• What do analytical studies in epidemiology explore?

  Causes or risk factors of diseases
• What is the purpose of experimental studies in epidemiology?

  To test interventions in controlled populations
• What do mortality statistics measure?

  Frequency of death in populations
• How can high mortality rates from cardiovascular disease be addressed?

  Through dietary and exercise interventions
• What do morbidity statistics track?

  Illness rates and their impact on quality of life
• How can morbidity data on diabetes prevalence be used?

  To allocate resources for prevention and treatment
• What is the purpose of statistical techniques in data analysis?

  To calculate averages, percentages, and trends
• What is the difference between correlation and causation in data analysis?

  Correlation shows relationships, causation shows cause-effect
• How can data analysis evaluate the efficacy of medical procedures?

  By revealing success rates and complications
• How do lifestyle choices influence health outcomes according to studies?

  Behaviors like smoking cessation and exercise improve health
• What is one use of data analysis in public health policies?

  To identify health risks and guide interventions
• How do clinical trial results advance medical science?

  By leading to new treatments and innovations
• How can mortality and morbidity data help allocate healthcare funding?

  By prioritising critical areas based on health trends
• How do epidemiological findings and data analysis drive public awareness campaigns?

  By educating populations on healthy lifestyle choices
• What are the key features of clinical trials?

  • Double-blind trials: Neither participants nor researchers know treatment assignments
  • Placebo-controlled: Use of inactive substances for comparison
• What are the types of epidemiological studies?

  • Descriptive studies: Focus on who, where, and when
  • Analytical studies: Explore causes or risk factors
  • Experimental studies: Test interventions in controlled populations
• What are the uses of mortality and morbidity statistics?

  • Monitor disease outbreaks or chronic disease trends
  • Compare health outcomes across regions or demographics
  • Inform healthcare resource planning and public health initiatives
• What are the methods of data analysis in health studies?

  • Statistical techniques: Calculate averages, percentages, and trends
  • Comparative analysis: Compare pre- and post-intervention data
  • Correlation vs. causation: Determine relationships between variables
• How is data used in public health and medical science?

  • Inform public health policies
  • Advance medical science through clinical trial results
  • Allocate healthcare resources
  • Educate populations on healthy lifestyle choices