Long-term Memory

• What are the three types of long-term memory?

  Episodic, procedural, and semantic
• What is episodic memory?

  Personal events and experiences
• How is episodic memory characterized in terms of time?

  It is time-stamped
• Which brain areas are associated with episodic memory?

  Right prefrontal cortex and anterior hippocampus
• What is semantic memory?

  General knowledge and facts of the world
• How is semantic memory characterized in terms of time?

  It is not time-stamped
• Which brain areas are associated with semantic memory?

  Left prefrontal cortex and anterior hippocampus
• What is procedural memory?

  Ability to perform motor skills with little thought
• How is procedural memory characterized in terms of time?

  It is not time-stamped
• Which brain areas are associated with procedural memory?

  Cerebellum and posterior hippocampus
• What types of memory are explicit?

  Episodic and semantic memory
• What type of memory is implicit?

  Procedural memory
• What is one strength of the theory of long-term memory types?

  There is research support
• What method did Tulving use in his research?

  Injected radioactive gold traces for PET scans
• What did Tulving find regarding blood flow in the brain?

  Increased in anterior for episodic, posterior for semantic
• What is a limitation of Tulving's study?

  The sample size was extremely small
• Why are case studies considered a limitation?

  They are hard to generalize
• Who is Clive Wearing?

  A person with brain damage affecting memory
• What type of memory did Clive lose?

  Episodic memories
• What memory did Clive retain?

  Procedural memory
• What does Clive remember about his wife?

  He only remembers her
• What semantic memory does Clive have?

  He remembers key dates and names
• How does Clive's case support the theory of long-term memory types?

  Different types were affected to varying extents
• What argument can be made about Clive's ability to play piano?

  It could be episodic due to his profession
• What could be argued about Clive's knowledge of reading music?

  It could be considered semantic memory