Self Report Techniques

• What is a self-report technique?

  A method where participants reveal personal information
• What is an interview in self-report techniques?

  A real-time conversation with a researcher
• How does a questionnaire differ from an interview?

  A questionnaire uses pre-prepared questions sent to participants
• What type of data do open questions provide?

  Qualitative data in the form of words
• What type of data do closed questions yield?

  Quantitative data in the form of numbers
• What is a Likert scale?

  A fixed choice scale for responses
• What is a leading question?

  A question that suggests how to respond
• What is the purpose of piloting a questionnaire?

  To check for problems before wider distribution
• What are filler questions used for?

  To ease participants before difficult questions
• What is demand characteristics?

  Participants altering responses to help researchers
• What is the difference between structured and unstructured interviews?

  Structured interviews have fixed questions; unstructured do not
• What is a semi-structured interview?

  A mix of prepared and spontaneous questions
• What are the advantages of structured interviews?

  Easy to compare responses and no trained interviewer needed
• What are the disadvantages of unstructured interviews?

  Hard to compare interviews and need trained interviewers
• What is social desirability bias?

  Participants lying to appear favorable
• What is acquiescence bias?

  Participants agreeing with all questions
• How can researchers check for acquiescence bias?

  By asking similar questions with opposite phrasing
• What are the strengths of interviews compared to questionnaires?

  Interviews allow rephrasing and rapport building
• What are the weaknesses of interviews?

  Need trained interviewers and higher costs
• What are interviewer effects?

  Responses influenced by interviewer's characteristics
• How can the interviewer's characteristics affect responses?

  Different demographics can change participant responses
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of self-report techniques?

  Strengths:

  • Easy to replicate
  • Allows detailed participant information
  • Combines open and closed questions for analysis

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Susceptible to social desirability bias
  • Questionnaires may not be taken seriously
  • Interviews require trained interviewers
• What are the differences between structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews?

  • Structured: Fixed questions, easy comparison
  • Unstructured: Free-flowing, rapport building
  • Semi-structured: Mix of fixed and spontaneous questions