2 b

• What was the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland?

  Re-conquest of Ireland by the Commonwealth
• Who led the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland?

  Oliver Cromwell
• What years did the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland take place?

  1649 to 1653
• What major conflict does the Cromwellian conquest form part of?

  Irish Confederate Wars
• What was the estimated demographic loss in Ireland during this period?

  15 to 20% of the population
• What caused the demographic loss in Ireland?

  Fighting, famine, and bubonic plague
• What was the Irish Rebellion of 1641?

  It brought much of Ireland under Catholic control
• Who did the Irish Catholic Confederation engage in war with?

  Royalists, Parliamentarians, Scots Covenanters
• What happened after the execution of Charles I in January 1649?

  The Confederates allied with Royalists against the Commonwealth
• When did Cromwell land near Dublin?

  August 1649
• What was the outcome of the Confederacy by the end of 1650?

  It had been defeated
• What did the Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652 do?

  Barred Catholics from public offices
• What was a consequence of the Act for the Settlement of Ireland?

  Confiscated land was given to Protestant settlers
• How is Cromwell viewed in Ireland due to his actions?

  He is a deeply reviled figure
• What was the first reason for the Commonwealth's invasion of Ireland?

  Alliance between Irish Catholics and Charles II
• What was the second reason for the Commonwealth's invasion of Ireland?

  Longstanding commitment to re-conquer Ireland
• What financial reason did Parliament have for invading Ireland?

  To confiscate land to repay creditors
• What was the religious motivation for some Parliamentarians in the war?

  They viewed it as a crusade against Catholics
• What was the only remaining Parliamentarian outpost in Ireland by 1649?

  Dublin
• What did Colonel Jones do at the Battle of Rathmines?

  Launched a surprise attack on Royalists
• How many Royalist or Confederate soldiers did Jones claim to have killed?

  Around 4,000
• When did Cromwell land in Ireland?

  15 August 1649
• What did Cromwell call the victory at Rathmines?

  An astonishing mercy
• What was the first town to fall to Cromwell's forces?

  Drogheda
• Who commanded the garrison at Drogheda?

  Arthur Aston
• What was Cromwell's order regarding quarter at Drogheda?

  No quarter was to be given
• What was the outcome of the battle for Drogheda?

  Majority of the garrison was killed
• What happened to Arthur Aston after the battle of Drogheda?

  He was beaten to death
• What was the effect of the massacre at Drogheda in Ireland?

  It was received with horror
• What did Cromwell do after taking Drogheda?

  Secured southeastern ports
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Lisnagarvey?

  Parliamentarians defeated the Scots
• What towns did the New Model Army march to secure?

  Wexford, Waterford, and Duncannon
• What happened during the Sack of Wexford?

  Parliamentarian troops sacked the town
• How many townspeople were killed during the Sack of Wexford?

  About 1,500
• What effect did Cromwell's terror have on Ormonde's forces?

  It had a paralyzing effect
• Why did some towns surrender to Cromwell's forces?

  Fear of massacre like Drogheda and Wexford
• What happened to the New Model Army during winter quarters?

  Many men died of disease
• What was Cromwell's approach to Kilkenny and Clonmel compared to Drogheda and Wexford?

  He respected surrender terms in Kilkenny and Clonmel
• Who took command of Parliamentarian forces in Ireland in 1650?

  Henry Ireton
• What caused the mutiny in Cork?

  Protestant troops resented fighting with Confederates