AO1

• Define as Eye witness testimony (EWT)

  evidence provided in court by a person who has witnessed a crime with a view to identify the perpetrator of the crime
• What are the 2 types of misleading information

  • Leading questions and post-event discussion
  • Anxiety
• What is a leading question

  a question that suggests wo a witness what answer is desired or leads them to a desired answer e.g. "What color was the man's hat?"
• What is post event discussion

  any info discussed after the event has happened which can influence a person's memory of the event (AKA memory conformity)
• Who did the research support experiment for Leading questions?

  Loftus and Palmer (1974)
• Who did the research support experiment for post event discussion?

  Gabbert et al (2003)
• Define anxiety?


  • mental state of arousal including feelings of extreme concern and tension
  • accompanied with increased heart rate
• What is the affect of high anxiety on recall?


  High anxiety leads to poor recall
• What is the affect of low anxiety on recall?


  Low anxiety leads to poor recall
• What is the affect of medium anxiety on recall?


  Medium anxiety leads to an optimum level of recall
• Who did the research support for Anxiety?

  Johnson and Scott (1976)
• How does weapon effect/focus explain why high anxiety leads to poor recall


  Weapons are a cause of anxiety and witnesses focus on weapons more than a criminal to protect themselves.