Validity

• What does validity in psychology fundamentally ask about?

  It asks if something is true and accurate
• Why is questionability important in psychology?

  To avoid bias in research findings
• What are the two types of validity discussed?

  Internal and external validity
• What does questioning internal validity involve?

  Assessing if the independent variable caused the change
• What is a confounding variable?

  A third factor affecting the dependent variable
• What does questioning external validity assess?

  If findings can be generalized to real-world behavior
• What is internal validity primarily concerned with?

  Causality between independent and dependent variables
• What is social desirability bias?

  Participants wanting to appear favorable
• What are demand characteristics?

  Participants trying to please the researcher
• What are investigator effects?

  Researcher behavior influencing study findings
• What does researcher bias refer to?

  Influence of researcher on participant behavior
• What can indicate a lack of internal validity?

  Poorly controlled study or participant variables
• What does external validity consider?

  Generalizability of findings to real-world settings
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizability of findings across different settings
• What is mundane realism?

  How close a task is to real-life situations
• What is population validity?

  Generalizability of findings to the broader population
• What is temporal validity?

  Applicability of findings across different time periods
• What is face validity?

  Does the measure appear to assess what it claims?
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparison with an established test's results
• What is predictive validity?

  Accurate predictions based on test results
• What correlation indicates high concurrent validity?

  A correlation of 0.8 or higher
• How can internal validity be improved?

  By excluding extraneous variables
• How can external validity be improved?

  Through replication in different settings
• How can temporal validity be improved?

  By replicating studies in modern contexts
• What is the role of peer review in improving validity?

  To reduce bias and improve study controls
• What is the significance of diverse samples in research?

  To enhance population validity of findings