Inferential Testing

• What is the only statistical test students need to calculate for AQA?

  Sign test
• What do students need to know about the other seven tests?

  Names and when to use them
• What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

  • Generalizes results beyond the sample
  • Makes inferences about the target population
  • Assesses confidence in data supporting inferences
• What is the significance level for results to be accepted?

  p is less than 0.05
• What do statistical tests help researchers determine?

  If results are significant
• What is a stem in a statistics question?

  A scenario outlining a piece of research
• What are the types of experimental designs mentioned?

  • Independent groups design
  • Repeated measures design
  • Matched pairs design
• What type of data is collected in independent groups design?

  Independent data
• What type of data is collected in repeated measures design?

  Related data
• How is matched pairs design treated in terms of data?

  As related data
• What are the levels of measurement in statistics?

  • Nominal data: categories or no order
  • Ordinal data: can be put in order
  • Interval data: equal differences between points
  • Ratio data: treated as interval data
• What does the statistical test depend on?

  Dependent variable's level of measurement
• What is a good strategy for memorizing statistical tests?

  Create a mnemonic phrase
• What does the mnemonic "space weather really contains many UFOs chasing small pigs" represent?

  The first letters of statistical tests
• How to determine which statistical test to use?

  1. Identify if it's a correlation or test of difference
  2. Determine the experimental design
  3. Assess the level of measurement of data
• What is the first step in answering a stats question?

  Identify the statistical test needed
• What should you include when justifying a statistical test?

  Independent variable levels and data type
• What is the critical value table used for?

  To determine if results are significant
• What is the formula for degrees of freedom?

  Rows - 1 times columns - 1
• What is the only statistical test students are expected to calculate?

  Sign test
• How do you calculate the sign test?

  Subtract scores and record signs
• What does 'n' represent in the sign test?

  Number of participants with differences
• What does 's' represent in the sign test?

  Least frequent sign
• What must 's' be for data to be significant?

  As few as possible
• What happens if the calculated value is greater than the critical value?

  Data is not significant
• How should you structure your answer for significance questions?

  Use a template sentence format
• What is the critical value for a one-tailed test at 0.05 significance?

  0.05 for one-tailed test
• What does a directional hypothesis indicate?

  It predicts a specific outcome
• What is the formula for calculating degrees of freedom in a chi-square test?

  Rows - 1 times columns - 1
• What is the significance of having a small sample size?

  It increases the chance of non-significant results
• How does increasing sample size affect significance?

  It can lead to more significant results
• What resources are available for students on psych boost?

  • Over 170 videos for qualifications
  • Bonus resources for Patreon supporters
  • Access to tutorial videos and Discord Channel
• Who supports the development of the research methods unit?

  Students and teachers on Patreon
• What is the purpose of the tutorial videos mentioned?

  To provide examples and exam tips
• What is the main focus of the research methods video series?

  Inferential statistics
• What is the significance of the sign test in research?

  It tests differences in related data
• What is the expected complexity of the sign test calculation?

  Simple addition and subtraction
• What is the first step in calculating the sign test?

  Subtract scores from each condition
• What does a negative sign indicate in the sign test?

  Condition A score is lower
• What does the sign test help researchers determine?

  If there is a significant difference