transpiration & translocation

• What is the process of transporting sugars in plants called?

  Translocation
• How do plants transport water?

  Through transpiration
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In the leaves
• What are phloem cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars
• How are phloem cells arranged?

  End to end to form phloem tubes
• What do the small pores between phloem cells allow for?

  Movement of cell sap
• What is cell sap made of?

  A liquid mixture of water and sugar
• What can sugars be used for once transported?

  For energy or stored for later
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What are xylem tubes made of?

  Dead xylem cells with no ends
• What material strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What do xylem tubes transport?

  Water and mineral ions
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• How does evaporation from leaves affect water movement?

  It drags the water chain up
• What is the term for the evaporation of water from leaves?

  Transpiration
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules moving up
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, airflow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• What happens to transpiration at nighttime?

  It decreases due to closed stomata
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher temperature increases evaporation rate
• What happens to the concentration gradient inside the leaf?

  It allows water to diffuse out
• How does high airflow affect transpiration?

  It increases transpiration by blowing away water
• How does humidity affect transpiration rates?

  Higher humidity decreases transpiration rate
• What is the effect of moist air on the concentration gradient?

  It decreases the concentration gradient
• What are the main functions of phloem and xylem in plants?

  • Phloem: Transports sugars (translocation)
  • Xylem: Transports water and minerals (transpiration)
• What are the four main factors influencing transpiration rates?

  1. Light intensity
  2. Temperature
  3. Airflow
  4. Humidity
• How does the process of transpiration contribute to water movement in plants?

  • Evaporation from leaves creates a pull
  • Water molecules are dragged up the plant
  • Maintains a continuous flow of water