Reciprocity and Interactional Synchrony

• What is reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions?

  Interaction patterns where infant and caregiver respond
• How do behaviors elicit responses in reciprocity?

  Through turn-taking interactions between infant and caregiver
• What is an example of reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions?

  Infant babbles, caregiver responds with talking
• Why is reciprocity important in caregiver-infant interactions?

  It is essential for forming attachment
• What do alert phases indicate in infants?

  Babies signal readiness for interaction
• How often do mothers typically respond to infant signals according to Feldman (2007)?

  2/3 of the time
• How does interaction change after 3 months according to Feldman (2007)?

  Interaction increases after 3 months
• What is interactional synchrony in caregiver-infant interactions?

  Mother and infant mirror actions and emotions
• What does temporal coordination refer to in interactional synchrony?

  Micro-level social behavior coordination
• How does interactional synchrony enhance attachment quality?

  By improving emotional connections between mother and infant
• What outcomes are associated with interactional synchrony according to Isabella (1989)?

  Better outcomes in empathy and symbol use
• What did Evans & Porter (2009) study in caregiver-infant interactions?

  Interaction quality in 101 mother-infant pairs
• What was concluded about caregiver interaction from Evans & Porter (2009)?

  It is crucial for secure attachment
• What did Meltzoff & Moore (1977) find about infants?

  Infants mimic adult-specific expressions from 2-3 weeks
• What does the study by Meltzoff & Moore (1977) suggest about interaction behavior?

  It suggests an innate basis for interaction behavior
• What cultural variation did Le Vine et al. (1994) find in caregiver-infant interactions?

  Less interaction in Kenyan mothers
• What is a criticism of the research on caregiver-infant interactions?

  It is ethnocentric and limits generalizability
• What observation issues arise when studying young babies?

  Small movements are difficult to interpret
• Why is it hard to confirm the meaning of observed behaviors in infants?

  Behaviors may not have specific meanings