Visual pathway

• Visual pathway 


  Retina

  Optic nerve

  Optic chiasma

  Optic tract

  Lateral geniculate body

  Optic radiation

  Visual cortex
• Static perimetry 


  visual fields test
• Why do we assess visual fields

  Pathology

  Vocational standards
• Pathology tested for 


  Glaucoma

  ARMD

  Potentia stroke/tumour
• Vocational standards tested


  Driving

  Emergency services

  Armed forces
• Lesions of visual field

  Anopia

  Hemianopia

  Homonymous hemianopia

  Heteronymous hemianopia
• Anopia


  Loss of the whole visual field in one eye
• Hemianopia


  Loss of half the visual field in one eye
• Homonymous Hemianopia 


  Loss of the same half of the visual field in each eye

  E.g. Left homonymous hemianopia
• Heteronymous hemianopia


  Loss of opposite halves of visual field in each eye e.g. Bi temporal
• Range of other symptoms associated with loss of visual field

  Distorted images

  Double vision

  Decreased night vision

  Moving body or head away from affected side

  Visual hallucinations

  These are often worsened when focusing on a near object
• Where do the source of these defects originate from

  the brain
• Direct light response


  When the light is shone into one eye and the pupil constricts
• Consensual light response 


  When a light is shone into one eye and the other pupil constricts