Nervous system booklet bio aqa. - paper 2

    Cards (53)

    • What is homeostasis?
      Regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum function
    • Why is homeostasis important for the human body?
      To keep internal conditions constant for optimal function
    • Which systems are involved in the automatic control of homeostasis?
      Nervous and endocrine systems
    • What are the three components of a homeostatic control system?
      Receptors, coordination centres, effectors
    • What is the role of receptors in a homeostatic control system?
      Detect stimuli (changes in the environment)
    • What is the role of coordination centres in a homeostatic control system?
      Receive and process information from receptors
    • What is the role of effectors in a homeostatic control system?
      Bring about responses to restore optimum levels
    • What is the space between neurones called?
      Synapse
    • How does a nerve impulse travel across a synapse?
      Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft
    • What is the function of the iris in the eye?
      Controls the amount of light entering the eye
    • What is the function of the cornea in the eye?
      Helps bend light onto the retina
    • What is the function of the lens in the eye?
      Focuses light onto the retina
    • What is the role of the retina in the eye?
      Contains light-sensitive cells that send impulses to the optic nerve
    • What is the function of the fovea in the eye?
      Contains only cones for detailed vision
    • What is the function of the optic nerve in the eye?
      Transmits impulses from the retina to the brain
    • What is the iris reflex?
      Regulates the intensity of light reaching the retina
    • What is accommodation in the eye?
      Changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects
    • How does the eye focus on a close object?
      Ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments loosen, lens becomes thicker
    • How does the eye focus on a distant object?
      Ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligaments tighten, lens becomes thinner
    • What is myopia?
      Short-sightedness, light focuses in front of the retina
    • What is hyperopia?
      Long-sightedness, light focuses behind the retina
    • How can myopia be corrected?
      Use of concave lenses
    • How can hyperopia be corrected?
      Use of convex lenses
    • What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
      Concerned with consciousness, intelligence, memory, and language
    • What is the function of the cerebellum?
      Concerned with coordination of muscular activity
    • What is the function of the medulla?
      Concerned with unconscious activities like heartbeat and breathing
    • How do neuroscientists study brain activity?
      By studying patients with brain damage, electrical stimulation, and MRI scanning
    • What are the benefits of brain stimulation procedures?
      Helps develop new drugs and medical treatments
    • What are the risks of brain stimulation procedures?
      Risk of long-term damage due to delicate brain structure
    • What is the normal core temperature of the human body?
      37°C
    • Why is maintaining a core temperature of 37°C important?
      Enzymes work best at this temperature
    • How does the body respond to low temperature?
      Vasoconstriction, less sweat, shivering
    • How does the body respond to high temperature?
      Vasodilation, more sweat, no shivering
    • What is the role of the thermoregulatory centre in the brain?

      Detects changes in blood temperature and coordinates responses
    • What is the role of the skin in temperature control?
      Contains temperature receptors that send information to the brain
    • What happens during vasoconstriction?

      Blood vessels narrow, reducing heat loss
    • What happens during vasodilation?
      Blood vessels widen, increasing heat loss
    • What is the role of sweat glands in temperature control?
      Secrete sweat that evaporates, cooling the body
    • What is the role of skeletal muscles in temperature control?
      Shivering generates heat through increased respiration
    • What is the role of the hypothalamus in temperature control?
      Contains heat-promoting and heat-loss centres
    See similar decks