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Nervous system booklet bio aqa. - paper 2
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Cards (53)
What is homeostasis?
Regulation of
internal
conditions to maintain
optimum
function
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Why is homeostasis important for the human body?
To keep internal conditions
constant
for
optimal
function
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Which systems are involved in the automatic control of homeostasis?
Nervous
and
endocrine
systems
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What are the three components of a homeostatic control system?
Receptors
,
coordination centres
,
effectors
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What is the role of receptors in a homeostatic control system?
Detect stimuli (changes in the
environment
)
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What is the role of coordination centres in a homeostatic control
system?
Receive and process information from
receptors
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What is the role of effectors in a homeostatic control system?
Bring about responses to restore
optimum
levels
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What is the space between neurones called?
Synapse
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How does a nerve impulse travel across a synapse?
Neurotransmitter
diffuses across the
synaptic cleft
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What is the function of the iris in the eye?
Controls
the amount of
light
entering the eye
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What is the function of the cornea in the eye?
Helps bend light onto the
retina
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What is the function of the lens in the eye?
Focuses light onto the
retina
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What is the role of the retina in the eye?
Contains
light-sensitive
cells that send impulses to the
optic nerve
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What is the function of the fovea in the eye?
Contains only
cones
for detailed vision
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What is the function of the optic nerve in the eye?
Transmits
impulses
from the
retina
to the brain
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What is the iris reflex?
Regulates the intensity of light reaching the
retina
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What is accommodation in the eye?
Changing the shape of the
lens
to focus on near or distant objects
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How does the eye focus on a close object?
Ciliary muscles
contract,
suspensory ligaments
loosen, lens becomes thicker
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How does the eye focus on a distant object?
Ciliary muscles
relax,
suspensory ligaments
tighten, lens becomes thinner
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What is myopia?
Short-sightedness, light focuses in front of the
retina
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What is hyperopia?
Long-sightedness, light focuses behind the
retina
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How can myopia be corrected?
Use of
concave lenses
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How can hyperopia be corrected?
Use of
convex lenses
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What is the function of the cerebral
cortex?
Concerned with
consciousness
,
intelligence
,
memory
, and language
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
Concerned with coordination of
muscular
activity
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What is the function of the medulla?
Concerned with unconscious activities like
heartbeat
and
breathing
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How do neuroscientists study brain activity?
By studying patients with
brain damage
,
electrical stimulation
, and MRI scanning
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What are the benefits of brain stimulation procedures?
Helps develop new
drugs
and medical
treatments
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What are the risks of brain stimulation procedures?
Risk of long-term damage due to
delicate
brain structure
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What is the normal core temperature of the human body?
37°C
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Why is maintaining a core temperature of 37°C
important?
Enzymes
work best at this temperature
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How does the body respond to low temperature?
Vasoconstriction
, less sweat,
shivering
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How does the body respond to high temperature?
Vasodilation
, more sweat, no
shivering
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What is the role of the thermoregulatory centre in
the
brain?
Detects
changes
in
blood
temperature
and
coordinates
responses
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What is the role of the skin in temperature control?
Contains
temperature receptors
that send information to the
brain
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What happens during
vasoconstriction
?
Blood vessels narrow, reducing
heat loss
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What happens during vasodilation?
Blood vessels widen, increasing
heat loss
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What is the role of sweat glands in temperature control?
Secrete sweat that
evaporates
, cooling the body
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What is the role of skeletal muscles in temperature control?
Shivering generates heat through increased
respiration
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What is the role of the hypothalamus in temperature control?
Contains
heat-promoting
and heat-loss centres
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See all 53 cards
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