History

• In what year did Ebert's government struggle to control the high courts?

  1920
• What was the main issue facing the German government in 1920?

  Growing opposition from both left and right
• What did the Kapp Putsch lead to in March 1920?

  5,000 armed men marching on Berlin
• Who did Ebert order to suppress the Kapp Putsch?

  Generals of the German military
• What event did the clay courts help suppress in 1919?

  The Spartacus revolt
• Why did the high courts become a problem for the government?

  They were former soldiers losing jobs
• What was the response of the military to Ebert's orders during the Kapp Putsch?

  They refused to open fire on the rebels
• What did the Kapp Putsch rebels declare in Berlin?

  A new government in Germany
• What did Ebert's government urge the public to do in response to the Kapp Putsch?

  Engage in passive resistance and strikes
• What was the outcome of the Kapp Putsch after four days?

  Kapp realized he couldn't govern and fled
• What happened to Kapp after he attempted to flee?

  He was caught and imprisoned
• How many political murders occurred between 1919 and 1922?

  376 political murders
• Which political group faced more convictions for assassinations?

  Left-wing assassins
• What was the general attitude of judges towards political rights?

  They were often sympathetic to the right
• What paramilitary group did the KPD have?

  Red Front Fighters
• Why did political parties hire armed men?

  For protection during meetings
• What was a consequence of the presence of private armies?

  Increased violence during political meetings
• What were the main events of political violence in Germany from 1919 to 1922?

  • Spartacus revolt in 1919
  • Kapp Putsch in 1920
  • Series of political assassinations
  • 376 political murders total
• What were the implications of the Treaty of Versailles on the German military?

  • Restricted army size to 100,000 men
  • Led to unemployment for former soldiers
  • Contributed to political instability
• What were the responses of the Weimar government to the Kapp Putsch?

  • Urged passive resistance
  • Called for strikes
  • Attempted to maintain control
• How did political violence affect the Weimar Republic's stability?

  • Created fear and unrest
  • Led to formation of paramilitary groups
  • Undermined public trust in government
• In what year did Ebert's government struggle to control the high courts?

  1920
• What event did the clay courts help suppress in 1919?

  The Spartacus revolt
• What was the main issue facing the German government in 1920?

  Growing opposition from both left and right
• What did the Kapp Putsch lead to in March 1920?

  Political violence and unemployment
• Who was ordered to fight the Kapp Putsch?

  Generals of the German military
• Why did the high courts not open fire on the Kapp Putsch?

  Fear for their lives and loyalty issues
• What happened to the Kapp Putsch leaders after they attempted to flee?

  They were caught and imprisoned
• What was the response of Ebert's government to the Kapp Putsch?

  Urged passive resistance and strikes
• What was the impact of the strikes on essential services in Berlin?

  Services like gas and electricity halted
• How long did the Kapp Putsch last before it collapsed?

  Four days
• What was the fate of the Vimal government after the Kapp Putsch?

  They were able to return to power
• How many political murders occurred between 1919 and 1922?

  376 political murders
• Who was one of Ebert's Council members murdered in 1919?

  Hugo Haza
• What was the profession of most victims of political murders?

  Modern or left-wing politicians
• How did judges respond to political violence during this period?

  They were often sympathetic to the right
• What was the consequence for left-wing assassins compared to right-wing murderers?

  Left-wing assassins were executed, right-wing were not
• Why did political parties hire armed men during this period?

  For protection against political violence
• What were the paramilitary groups formed by political parties during this time?

  • KPD: Red Front Fighters
  • DNVP: Steel Helmets
  • SPD: Spanish Sports Court
• What was the effect of private armies on political meetings?

  They often caused violence at meetings