DNA Key Terms

• What is the focus of today's video?

  Different genetic terms and concepts
• What is an allele?

  A different version of the same gene
• What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

  Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive ones
• What does homozygous mean?

  Having two identical alleles for a gene
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Having two different alleles for a gene
• What is a gene?

  A segment of DNA coding for a protein
• How do genes determine characteristics?

  They code for proteins that influence traits
• What is an example of a trait determined by a single gene?

  Fur color in mice
• How are most characteristics determined?

  By several interacting genes
• What is the relationship between genes and alleles?

  Alleles are different forms of a gene
• What does it mean to be homozygous recessive?

  Having two alleles for a recessive trait
• What happens when a mouse is heterozygous for fur color?

  One allele is dominant and expressed
• What color would a heterozygous mouse be if purple is dominant?

  It would be purple
• What is the genotype?

  The entire collection of alleles an organism has
• What is the phenotype?

  The observable characteristics from the genotype
• How can two mice have the same phenotype but different genotypes?

  They can have different alleles but show the same trait
• What is the phenotype of a homozygous recessive mouse?

  It is green if both alleles are recessive
• What are the key terms related to genetics discussed in the video?

  • Allele
  • Dominant
  • Recessive
  • Homozygous
  • Heterozygous
  • Genotype
  • Phenotype
• How do dominant and recessive alleles interact in a heterozygous organism?

  • Dominant allele is expressed
  • Recessive allele is masked
  • Example: Purple (dominant) vs. Green (recessive) fur in mice
• What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype in mice?

  • Genotype: Collection of alleles
  • Phenotype: Observable traits
  • Different genotypes can lead to the same phenotype