Inheritance, variation and evolution

• What is the outcome of mitosis?

  Two identical daughter cells
• What is the outcome of meiosis?

  Four different daughter cells
• What does the 'T' in mitosis help you remember?

  It leads to identical daughter cells
• What are the main functions of mitosis?

  Growth and repair
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?

  Haploid cells
• What are the gametes in women?

  X chromosomes
• What are the male gametes in plants?

  Pollen
• What happens during meiosis regarding chromosomes?

  They line up and undergo crossing over
• What is asexual reproduction commonly found in?

  Strawberry plants, bacteria, and fungi
• What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

  Genetically identical populations are vulnerable
• What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

  Genetically diverse populations are produced
• What does the term 'selfish gene' refer to?

  Energy conservation for the parent's genes
• What connects adenine (A) in DNA?

  Thymine (T)
• What connects cytosine (C) in DNA?

  Guanine (G)
• What is a gene?

  A stretch of DNA coding for traits
• What is a genome?

  All genes in an organism
• What does a three-letter DNA sequence code for?

  An amino acid
• What happens to the amino acid chain after coding?

  It folds into a protein
• What are proteins responsible for?

  Most functions in the body
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  Specific to its substrate
• What can a mutation in an amino acid chain cause?

  A change in protein function
• What is junk DNA?

  Non-coding DNA
• What is a gamete?

  A sex cell
• What are alleles?

  Different versions of genes
• What does homozygous mean?

  Two identical alleles
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Two different alleles
• What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  Genotype is genetic makeup; phenotype is traits
• What is a genetic cross used for?

  To predict inheritance of traits
• What is polydactyly?

  A condition with extra fingers
• What is cystic fibrosis?

  A recessive genetic disease
• What is the chance of offspring having cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers?

  1 in 4 chance
• What is embryo screening?

  Testing embryos for genetic diseases
• What is a disadvantage of embryo screening?

  Embryos may be created and destroyed
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What determines genetic sex in humans?

  Combination of X and Y chromosomes
• What influences phenotype besides genotype?

  Environmental factors
• What is natural variation in a population?

  Diversity in traits due to genetics and environment
• What can happen when DNA is copied many times?

  Mutations may occur
• What is the theory of natural selection?

  Gradual change over time in species
• Who proposed the theory of evolution?

  Charles Darwin