Atomic structure (get the grade)

• What are the three units that make up atoms?

  Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
• What is the structure of an atom?

  Atoms have a nucleus and electron shells
• What is the charge of protons?

  1+
• What is the charge of neutrons?

  0
• What is the charge of electrons?


  1-
• How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

  By increasing atomic number
• What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

  Groups
• What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

  Periods
• What do elements in the same group have in common?

  Same number of outer electrons
• What are Group 1 elements called?

  Alkali Metals
• Why are Alkali Metals very reactive?

  They have only one outer electron
• What are Group 7 elements called?

  Halogens
• Why are Halogens very reactive?

  They need one electron for a full shell
• What are Group 8 elements called?

  Noble Gases
• Why are Noble Gases not reactive?

  They have a full outer shell of electrons
• What is valency?

  Element's capacity to combine with others
• How is the valency of an element determined?

  By the number of outer electrons
• What is the valency of Group 8 elements?

  0
• What is the valency of Groups 1 and 7?

  1
• What is the valency of Groups 2 and 6?

  2
• What is the valency of Groups 3 and 5?


  3
• What is the valency of Group 4?


  4
• What is an ion?

  Particle with a net electrical charge
• How does an atom become a negative ion?

  By gaining an electron
• How does an atom become a positive ion?

  By losing an electron
• What are isotopes?

  Atoms with the same protons, different neutrons
• What is relative atomic mass?

  Average weighted mass of isotopes
• What is nuclide notation used for?

  To present different atoms
• What does nuclide notation indicate about an atom?

  Mass number and atomic number
• What is the mass number of an atom?

  Protons + Neutrons
• What is the atomic number of an atom?

  Number of protons
• What are the key points of atomic theory?

  • Atomic Number: Number of protons
  • Mass Number: Protons + Neutrons
  • Masses: Protons = 1, Neutrons = 1, Electrons = 0
  • Charges: Protons = 1+, Neutrons = 0, Electrons = 1-
• What are the key points of the periodic table?

  • Arranged by increasing atomic number
  • Vertical columns: Groups
  • Horizontal rows: Periods
  • Same group: Same outer electrons
  • Same period: Same energy levels
• What are the key points of valency and ions?

  • Valency: Capacity to combine with others
  • Determined by outer electrons
  • Ion: Particle with net electrical charge
• What are the key points of isotopes and nuclide notation?

  • Isotopes: Same protons, different neutrons
  • Relative atomic mass: Average weighted mass of isotopes
  • Nuclide notation: Presents different atoms