Control of blood glucose

• What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

  Controls blood glucose concentration
• Why is it important to maintain a constant blood glucose concentration?

  Glucose is needed for cellular respiration
• Which organ monitors blood glucose concentration?

  Pancreas
• What happens to blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  Blood glucose concentration rises
• What hormone is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels rise?

  Insulin
• How does insulin help lower blood glucose levels?

  Triggers cells to take up glucose
• What is the storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle cells?

  Glycogen
• What is the main issue in type 1 diabetes?

  Pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How do people with type 1 diabetes manage their blood glucose levels?

  Inject themselves with insulin
• What is the main issue in type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells do not respond to insulin
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• How is type 2 diabetes often treated?

  Controlled carbohydrate diet and exercise
• What hormone is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels fall?

  Glucagon
• How does glucagon help raise blood glucose levels?

  Triggers liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose
• What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1: Pancreas does not produce enough insulin
  • Type 2: Body cells do not respond to insulin
  • Type 1: Managed with insulin injections
  • Type 2: Managed with diet and exercise
• How do insulin and glucagon work together to maintain blood glucose homeostasis?

  • Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage
  • Glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown
  • They form a negative feedback cycle to maintain balance
• What is the term used to describe the balance between insulin and glucagon?

  Negative feedback cycle
• Why is obesity a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity leads to insulin resistance
• What is the primary role of the pancreas in blood glucose regulation?

  Monitors and regulates blood glucose levels
• What happens to blood glucose levels if the pancreas does not function properly?

  Blood glucose levels become unstable
• What is the primary source of glucose in the blood after a meal?

  Carbohydrates
• Why is it important for people with diabetes to monitor their blood glucose levels?

  To prevent dangerous fluctuations in blood glucose
• What is the primary treatment for type 1 diabetes?

  Insulin injections
• Why is exercise recommended for people with type 2 diabetes?

  Helps improve insulin sensitivity
• What is the primary storage form of glucose in the body?

  Glycogen
• What is the role of the liver in blood glucose regulation?

  Stores and releases glucose as needed
• What is the primary function of glucagon?

  Raises blood glucose levels
• Why is it important for the body to have both insulin and glucagon?

  To maintain blood glucose homeostasis
• What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

  Pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• Why is a controlled carbohydrate diet important for people with type 2 diabetes?

  Prevents blood glucose levels from rising too high
• What is the primary function of glycogen in the body?

  Stores glucose for later use
• Why is it important for the body to store glucose as glycogen?

  Provides a reserve of glucose for energy
• What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

  Lowers blood glucose levels
• Why is it important for the body to have a negative feedback cycle for blood glucose regulation?

  Maintains stable blood glucose levels
• What is the primary role of glucagon in the body?

  Raises blood glucose levels