Respiration

    Cards (77)

    • What type of process is respiration?
      Exothermic process
    • What do plants and some bacteria synthesize during photosynthesis?
      Food molecules
    • What is the energy requirement of photosynthesis?
      It is an endothermic process
    • How does respiration differ from photosynthesis?
      Respiration releases energy; photosynthesis requires energy
    • What is the difference between respiration and breathing?
      Respiration occurs in cells; breathing is ventilation
    • Why do all organisms need energy?
      To live and perform essential functions
    • What chemical reactions require energy in organisms?
      Building carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
    • How do animals use energy for movement?
      To make muscles contract
    • How do plants use energy for movement?
      For transport of substances in the phloem
    • What is the efficiency of respiration?
      About 40 percent
    • What happens to heat released during respiration in birds and mammals?
      It is distributed by the blood
    • Why is heat from respiration important for birds and mammals?
      It helps maintain a constant internal temperature
    • What are other uses of energy in organisms?
      Cell division, homeostasis, active transport, nerve impulses
    • What is homeostasis?
      Maintaining constant conditions in cells and body
    • What is active transport in cells?
      Moving molecules against concentration gradients
    • What is the role of energy in nerve impulse transmission?
      It is used for transmitting nerve impulses
    • What is respiration using oxygen to break down food molecules called?
      Aerobic respiration
    • What is the main respiratory substrate used in aerobic respiration?
      Glucose
    • What happens to glucose during aerobic respiration?
      It is oxidised to release energy
    • What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
      glucose + oxygencarbon dioxide + water + energy released
    • What are the chemical symbols for the reactants and products of aerobic respiration?
      C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy released
    • Where do the first stages of respiration occur in cells?
      In the cytoplasm
    • Where is most of the energy released during respiration?
      In the mitochondria
    • What is the process called that some organisms use when oxygen runs out?
      Anaerobic respiration
    • How can human muscle respire anaerobically?
      For short periods of time
    • What is produced when glucose is converted in human muscle during anaerobic respiration?
      Lactic acid
    • What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in human muscle?
      glucoselactic acid + energy released
    • Why do some plants and fungi respire anaerobically?
      To remain alive with less energy
    • What do yeast cells convert glucose into during anaerobic respiration?
      Ethanol and carbon dioxide
    • What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
      glucoseethanol + carbon dioxide + energy released
    • Where does anaerobic respiration occur in cells?
      In the cytoplasm
    • Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of oxygen presence.
      • Aerobic: Oxygen present
      • Anaerobic: Oxygen absent or in short supply
    • Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of glucose oxidation.
      • Aerobic: Complete oxidation
      • Anaerobic: Incomplete oxidation
    • Compare the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
      • Aerobic: Carbon dioxide and water
      • Anaerobic: Lactic acid (in mammals), ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast)
    • Compare the amount of energy released in aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
      • Aerobic: Relatively large amount
      • Anaerobic: Small amount, but quickly
    • What is anaerobic respiration in yeast used for?
      Production of alcoholic drinks
    • Why do yeast cells switch to anaerobic respiration during beer or wine production?
      Oxygen runs out during rapid reproduction
    • What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
      Ethanol and carbon dioxide
    • How does yeast contribute to bread making?
      It produces carbon dioxide that makes bread rise
    • What happens to the alcohol produced by yeast in bread making?
      It evaporates as the bread is baked
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