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Biology
4: Bioenergetics
Respiration
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Cards (77)
What type of process is respiration?
Exothermic
process
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What do plants and some bacteria synthesize during photosynthesis?
Food molecules
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What is the energy requirement of photosynthesis?
It is an
endothermic
process
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How does respiration differ from photosynthesis?
Respiration releases
energy
; photosynthesis requires energy
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What is the difference between respiration and breathing?
Respiration occurs in
cells
; breathing is ventilation
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Why do all organisms need energy?
To live and perform
essential
functions
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What chemical reactions require energy in organisms?
Building
carbohydrates
,
proteins
, and
lipids
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How do animals use energy for movement?
To make
muscles
contract
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How do plants use energy for movement?
For transport of substances in the
phloem
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What is the efficiency of respiration?
About
40 percent
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What happens to heat released during respiration in birds and mammals?
It is distributed by the
blood
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Why is heat from respiration important for birds and mammals?
It helps maintain a constant
internal temperature
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What are other uses of energy in organisms?
Cell division, homeostasis, active transport, nerve impulses
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What is homeostasis?
Maintaining constant conditions in
cells
and body
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What is active transport in cells?
Moving molecules against
concentration gradients
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What is the role of energy in nerve impulse transmission?
It is used for transmitting nerve impulses
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What is respiration using oxygen to break down food molecules called?
Aerobic
respiration
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What is the main respiratory substrate used in aerobic respiration?
Glucose
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What happens to glucose during aerobic respiration?
It is
oxidised
to release energy
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What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose
+
oxygen
→
carbon dioxide
+ water +
energy released
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What are the chemical symbols for the reactants and products of aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6
+ 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O +
energy
released
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Where do the first stages of respiration occur in cells?
In the
cytoplasm
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Where is most of the energy released during respiration?
In the
mitochondria
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What is the process called that some organisms use when oxygen runs out?
Anaerobic respiration
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How can human muscle respire anaerobically?
For short periods of time
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What is produced when glucose is converted in human muscle during anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid
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What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in human muscle?
glucose
→
lactic acid
+ energy released
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Why do some plants and fungi respire anaerobically?
To remain
alive
with less energy
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What do yeast cells convert glucose into during anaerobic respiration?
Ethanol
and
carbon dioxide
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What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
glucose
→
ethanol
+
carbon dioxide
+ energy released
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Where does anaerobic respiration occur in cells?
In the
cytoplasm
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Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of oxygen presence.
Aerobic
: Oxygen present
Anaerobic: Oxygen absent or in short supply
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Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of glucose oxidation.
Aerobic
:
Complete oxidation
Anaerobic:
Incomplete oxidation
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Compare the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic:
Carbon dioxide
and
water
Anaerobic:
Lactic acid
(in mammals),
ethanol
and carbon dioxide (in yeast)
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Compare the amount of energy released in aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic: Relatively large amount
Anaerobic
:
Small
amount, but
quickly
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What is anaerobic respiration in yeast used for?
Production of
alcoholic
drinks
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Why do yeast cells switch to anaerobic respiration during beer or wine production?
Oxygen
runs out during rapid reproduction
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What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol
and carbon dioxide
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How does yeast contribute to bread making?
It produces
carbon dioxide
that makes bread rise
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What happens to the alcohol produced by yeast in bread making?
It
evaporates
as the bread is baked
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See all 77 cards
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